Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2016 with funding from
Wellcome Library
https://archive.org/details/b28775557_0031
.
I
I
ENGLISH BOTANY;
OR,
COLOURED FIGURES
OF
BRITISH PLANTS,
WITH THEIR
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS, SYNONYMS,
AND PLACES OF GROWTH:
TO WHICH WILL BE ADDED,
OCCASIONAL REMARKS.
B Y
JAMES EDWARD SMITH , M.D. F.R.S.
MEMBER OF THE IMP. ACAD. NATURE CURIOSORUM, THE ACADEMIES
OF STOCKHOLM, UPSAL, TURIN, LISBON, LUND, BERLIN,
PHILADELPHIA, AND THE NAT. HIST. SOCIETIES
OF PARIS AND MOSCOW;
PRESIDENT OF THE LINNJEAN SOCIETY.
THE FIGURES BY
JAMES SOWERBY, F.L.S.
VIRESQUE ACQUIRIT EUNDO.” Vi Tg,
VOL. XXXI.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY U. TAYLOR AND CO., SHOE-LANE, FLEET-STREET;
And sold by the Proprietor, J. Sowerby, at No. 2, Mead Place, Lambeth;
by Messrs. White and Co., Fleet-street ; Johnson and Co-, St. Paul’s
Churchyard; Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, Pater-noster-
row; and by all Booksellers, &c. in Town and Country.
MDCCCX.
HISTORICAL )
medical /
plV
'
-
[ 2161 ]
ULMUS suberosa.
Cork-barked Elm.
PENTANDRIA Digynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. 4- or 5-cleft, inferior, permanent.
Cor. none. Capsule membranous, compressed, nearly
flat, with 1 seed .
Spec. Char. Leaves doubly and sharply serrated,
pointed, rough, unequal at the base. Flowers on
short stalks, four- or five- cleft, with four or five
stamens. Fruit roundish, naked, cloven. Branches
spreading ; their bark corky.
Syn. Ulmus suberosa. Ehrh. Arb. 142. IVilld. Sp.
Pl. v. 1. 1324. Baumz. 391.
U. campestris /3. Sin. FI. Brit. 281. Huds. 109.
With. 279. Hull. ed. 2. 75.
U. minor, folio angusto scabro. Ger. em. 1480.
Rail Syn . 469.
(JUR conjecture at p. 1886 is so far confirmed, by the ac-
curate observations and kind communications of our friend Mr.
Borrer, that we can now with certainty publish this, the most
common Sussex elm, as the U. suberosa of Ehrhart (whose
specimen precisely accords with ours), and consequently of
other German writers. The late Mr. Crowe was always of
opinion that this was the origin of all the cultivated varieties
of Dutch Elm, & c., but he was not aware of its being a na-
tive of Britain.
The branches spread widely, and their bark of a year old
is covered with a very dense fine sort of cork, with deep fis-
sures. The leaves are larger than in U. campestris, t. 1886,
more pointed, and more sharply and finely serrated. Bunches
of flowers, which come forth in March, more hairy, and
each flower on a rather longer stalk ; its segments erect, vary-
ing in number from 4 to 5, as well as the stamens. Fruit
rounder than in campestris , much more deeply cloven than in
montana , t. 1887, to which latter our U. suberosa appears in
most respects more akin than to campestris , yet they are surely
all three distinct. We have now only to request some Scottish
botanist to search out U. ciliata of Ehrhart by its fringed cap-
sule. See p. 1887.
We ought at U. montana , t. 1887, to have quoted Sm. FI.
Brit. 282, after Bauh. Pin . 427.
>
.
|§ MMt v,r'v •"< M *
, -
-
i
.
[ 21 62 ]
ANDR7EA Rothii,
Black Mountain Andrcta ,
CRYPTOGAMIA Musa.
Gen. Char. Caps . oblong, of four valves, whose
points adhere to the lid . Fringe none.
Spec. Char. Leaves lanceolate, keeled, sickle-shaped,
with a midrib, leaning one way. Sheath -scales with-
out a rib.
Syn. Andrssa Rothii. Mohr . Crypt. Germ . 385. t. 11.
jf. 7-^-9. Hooker s Mss .
A. rupestris. «Sm. i^7. I?rz7. 1178. Turn . Muse.
Hit. 14.
Lichenastrum alpinum nigricans, foliis capillaceis re-
flexis. -Dz7/. Muse. 507. t* 73, yi 40f
Our friend Mr. W. Hooker has enabled us to correct an
error into which we had fallen concerning^. rupestris , t. 1277,
nor were we singular in this mistake. The present plant, often
gathered by us in Scotland and Westmoreland, proves distinct
from the A. rupestris , with which we, like Linnaeus, had con-
founded it, though aware of a difference in colour, which
might have excited a more accurate scrutiny.
This grows upon dry exposed rocks, and is of a very dark
blackish hue, though readily discernible by the paler reddish-*
brown capsules. The leaves, having a midrib, distinguish it
from rupestris , though their perichaetial scales nearly agree.
We learn also from Mr. Hooker’s paper, communicated to
the Linnaean Society, that the supposed 4 teeth of the fringe,
are in fact valves of the capsule, as appears by the columella ,
equal to them in length, which bears the seeds over its whole
surface.
Sc
JidioH j
k \ vuk>
T7/' A
A fli.k
;■ *im.t & h^oqqae s>di jsdi ^JafooS usseniifd s
H "fit ausaqqfi m t3lneq<Ba adi 897-lBy JojeS m :
o -sift cifeSd 4oidw gdlgiial ni m-nb oJ Isi
,9-3, fiia
>
'
.. *
'
.
■
-
[ 2163 ]
ENCALYPTA streptocarpa.
Spiral-fruited Extinguislier-moss .
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, cylindrical. Fringe of 16 linear
upright teeth. Veil campanulate, inflated, wide.
Spec. Char. Veil contracted and jagged at the margin.
Stem branched. Leaves oblong, Capsule spirally
furrowed.
Syn. Encalypta streptocarpa. Hedvu Sp. Muse. 62,
t. 10./. ]0— 15 Sm. FI. Brit. 1 1 82.
Bryum ciliare. Dicks . Crypt, fasc. 4. 15 ; exclusive
of the synonyms.
B. n. 1828. Hall. Hist. v. 3. 48. (. 45. / 3.
Hypnum saxatile erectum, ramulis teretibus, foliis sub-
rotundis saturate viridibus. Dill, Muse. 335. t . 43.
/. 71.
Found by Mr. Dickson on the mountains of Scotland,
Specimens from himself, one of which is the tallest in our
plate, the other being from Switzerland, have enabled us to
determine his plant; while an investigation of the herbarium
of Dillenius has discovered the true synonym of that author,
who has heretofore been erroneously quoted, and who never
saw the fruit of this curious moss.
This is much larger than any other of its genus. The stems,
which grow in tufts, vary in height from 1 to 2 inches or more,
and are mostly branched ; they are entirely clothed with dark-
green, oblong, entire, obtuse and rounded leaves, imbricated
every way, incurved and twisted when dry, each furnished
with a strong coloured mid-rib. Fruit-stalks at first terminal,
soon becoming lateral, solitary, nearly erect, strong, purplish,
naked at the base. Capsule erect, cylindrical, a little swell-
ing at the lower part, brown, very neatly and curiously fur-
rowed in a spiral manner, an unique instance of the kind, as
far as we know, in mosses. Lid not so long as the capsule,
straight, bluntish, tawny, red at the bottom. Veil large,
cylindrical, smooth, shining, pointed, jagged, and somewLaf
contracted, at the base. Fringe red, straight, deciduous.
.^qiBDo.jrq^Tte A T H ¥ I
x3 v. : '• r •
2ZI&
obngJInug -;’ , V
•trio it.’ ia^fe
oi air haE&m
saiihfidTsrf
tiorbifs tai
*9790 CmIW
oriw
SuJ ws
'f — /— 7^- ?r"T~*"T- : 1 • r >
■ - - - ■ ■ ^ '■:: ::■ f . - . 1 '
=iiir vuuows': HL’-'/fi jssrr '^i£»v n^o’ ?njsq to w •.. ad- n,
st ^Sni&sMii. it. '-0/..Ta^oi 3#pmi.i og t lonnficri kifqa . & nr os
tsiuzq&j' adi as gqol oa tea b/J .aaaeocn ai twornI> aw ;
iSg'iSL IhY -,mouo d odi jg bai y{nw£* edsiJnijfd rid;
Jsdw^cnos bii£ JSaJnioq, <.12 maids *riJooi03 <.Uohbfl
.esjoiibiodb tid|psm ^bw.a§aii"i ,#md adi m J>3fc>#tfaQ2
s£ Jbt.
Btla
;r<,«
' ' ■ • ■
-
'
i
r ; i
• .
■
[ 2164 ]
GRIMMIA splachnoides.
Splachnoid Grimmia.
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Fringe simple, of 16 teeth, broadest at
their base. Flowers terminal. Weil cylindrical.
Spec. Char. Leaves spatulate, finely serrated. Cap-
sule globose., smooth. Fruit-stalk swelling at the
top.
Syn. Grimmia splachnoides. Sm . FI. Brit. 1197.
Splachnum longicollum. Dicks. Crypt . fasc. 4. 4.
t. 10./. 9.
Weisia splachnoides. Swartz Mss .
Found in the Highlands of Scotland by Mr. Dickson, to
whom we are obliged for native specimens with fruit in an
early stage of growth. That with ripe capsules was sent by
Dr. Swarlz from Lapland, with the name above quoted.
The stems are erect, scarcely branched, leafy, an inch and
half high. Leaves loosely imbricated, pale green, finely re-,
ticulated and serrated, spatulate, acute, single-ribbed. Fruit-
stalk an inch and half high, wavy, purple; paler and greenish
at the top, where it swells gradually up to the capsule, imi-
tating the apophysis of a Splachnum , to which genus the
leaves also bear a great affinity. Capsule upright when ripe,
globular, very smooth, pale brown or reddish, with a rather
wide red mouth. Fringe of 16 equidistant, short, indexed,
reddish-brown teeth. Lid convex with a very short blunt
point. Veil rather conical.
The habit of this moss is so like a Splachnum , that we do not
wonder it should have been thought such ; but there is no
real apophysis , nor is the fringe that of a Splachnum. Weisia
radians , Hedw. Sp, Muse. 73. t, 13. f. 1 — 4, is nearly re-
lated to our plant.
sohmaii'islqs AIMMI n
'*: -
JiS itSSjjbjSO’tcf .c
Jjrjnbmlp IbH
-t]£3 ..bsjjsrag ^ *
^ni 3£ ■gml.bwg i
.#en ,&a
- -.v- 4pv.i
2164
g3V£3f
tT£l'wdp/g
sbm
^’iss’'''i- v\\rtp ?■•-•■ - ~J.fi! liaV .Iffljiba
.<„ *■' o ' “-, ' $V£xl blrjQ fjs 3l 1 abflfOW
'V^T* M wteto sgnhJ adi ei ioi; ^
0,1 -*muM *cjd .wbaH t'^smvbe'T
wo oj
.
; '
c ' . ' ■ \ T:
.'*■ . < ■•••■ _ ' "
-
■
•'* ‘ 1 '• : ■
-
1^1. i $0 ■; 1 ..'’-'J >U .
■
( t
[ 2165 ]
DICRANUM ovale.
Oval Fork-moss .
CRYPTO GJMJA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps . oblong. Fringe of 16 flat, cloven
teeth, a little indexed.
Spec. Char. Stems branched, level-topped. Leaves
lanceolate, hair-pointed. Capsule ovate, erect,
rather wide at the mouth.
Syn. Dicranum ovale. Hedw. Sp. Muse. 140. Crypt .
v. 3. 81. t. 34, A. Sm. FI. Brit. 1214. Turn .
Muse. Hib. 77. Winch, v. 2. 102.
Lh ovatum. Sivartz. Muse. Suec. 35.
Bryum ovale. Dicks . Crypt, fasc. 4. 14.
Granite rocks oil Ben High, Scotland, are said by Mr.
G. Don to produce this moss, but sparingly. Our specimens
were gathered there by himself, and we have Irish ones from
the late Dr. Scott. They all agree with what Dr. Swartz has
sent, except in the different states of their capsules, which by
age become more and more dilated at the orifice.
The species before us has much of the appearance of D. el -
lipticum , t. 1901, but the stems are more decidedly branched,
taper and rather naked at the base. Leaves dark-green,
opaque, lanceolate, keeled, entire, somewhat revolute, at least
when dry; the upper ones each tipped with a white, entire,
hair-like point. Fruitstalks erect, pale, short ; twisted when
dry. Capsule erect, ovate, palish ; at length wide-mouthed,
brown, and in some degree rugged. Fringe red, short. Lid
short, with a blunt point.
,JUi
MUKAJJ3IQ
\asO
A
■
; iv> :c<jr d'. ' ro '.‘3000 • yif- I'srfw
F r .iflioq aid-iosif
*tysfl3r*3 , tie Uq ^i&yo ^0313 aluaqsO -{ik
3s^b roc r ,.;. ■ .-,:i
-i/«’oq'iiuiid * djiV/ t?hoi1>
* .♦
.
‘
*
.
.
•
.
•
.
Ns »
. .X i.
, : ' ■ .
■
1
-
[ 2166 ]
DICRANUM glaucum.
White Fork-moss.
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, oblong. Fringe of 16 flat, cloven
teeth, a little inflexed.
Spec. Char. Stem branched, level-topped. . Leaves
imbricated, ovato-lanceolate, ribless, whitish. Cap-
sule ovate, furrowed.
Syn. Dicranum glaucum. Hedw. Sp. Muse. 135.
Sm. FI. Brit. 1216. Sibth. 281. Turn. Muse.
Hib. 73.
Brvum glaucum. Linn . Sp. PI. 1582. Huds. 479.
Hull. 263. Abbot. 239. Light/. 723. Ehrh,
Crypt . 4.
B. albidum et glaucum fragile majus, foliis erectis,
setis brevibus. Dill. Muse. 362. t. 4 6.f 20.
B. trichoides erectis capitulis, albidum fragile. Rail
Syn . 97.
Mnium glaucum. With . 801 !
Dry mountainous stony heaths and pastures produce
abundance of Dicranum glaucum , the great white patches of
which are often very conspicuous, but the fruit is rare. The
remarkable spongy, bibulous, light, elastic habit of the
leaves is exactly that of a Sphagnum , and totally unlike all
British mosses besides. The stems are branched, crowded,
level-topped, 2, 3 or 4 inches high, lasting many years.
Leaves opaque, closely imbricated, ovato-lanceolate, rather
concave, entire, bluntish with a little point $ the young ones
almost white ; the rest pale brownish ; all destitute, of rib or
veins, but finely cellular, brittle when dry. Fruitstalks rather
above half an inch high, brownish red, not very straight.
Capsule ovate, short, brown, furrowed, inclining and curved,
the mouth dilated when old. Fringe red. Lid as long as
the capsule, red, awlshaped, curved, acute.
No moss can be better calculated for packing than this,
where it is easily to be had.
U£CJ
fjfT Y /'IVJL
■)jn£Dfiudjs
dorrfw
SXO 81 8i)V£3f
>saom rieiinJJ
(bdqqo».b7a[
p£qO 83V63j[
Ifoo ^y<?-ino3-
is aiarf* | slid* jr site
dolbo jfenft jod -cant97
, w i fforti rjB 'ikd avocfe
woicf ?iioffs .siBvo sfusqjO
>§an’i .bio rrariw toslm ifjuora arfi
... yym th'jq£dalw& t9luaq£o adi
I^sltfohso wmd ad iisd ssosn ol^I
bj&fl ad 05 ^figjsa si u swdw
/
'
1 - • •
5
' , . i ... : . ,i ; > . > :
.
■
... . .
*
.
.
•
.
.
.
•
•
. . ; . ;
'
*
.
'
.
, • ■ ■ . • .
. \
.
‘ . '
I-’-.- I ' . - • '
-
. - .
[ 2167 ]
DICRANUM spurium.
Broad-leaved Fork-moss .
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, oblong. Fringe of 1 6 flat, cloven
teeth, a little inflexed.
Spec. Char. Stem branched, level-topped. Leaves
ovate, pointed, concave, entire, keeled, spreading
every way. Capsule cylindrical, curved, furrowed.
Syn. Dicranum spurium. Hedw. Sp. Muse. 141. Crypt .
v. 2. 82. t . 30. Sm. FL Brit . 1222. Swartz .
Muse. Suec. 33.
Bryum spurium. Hoffm . Germ . t>. 2. 38. Dicks.
Crypt . /asc. 4. 13.
JNo person that we know of has ever gathered this remark-
able moss in Britain, except the late Mr. Teesdale, F.L.S., who
found it on Houghton and Barnby moors, Yorkshire, growing
intermixed with Mnium palustre , but without fruit. That
defect we have supplied, as far as we could, from one of Dr.
Swartz's specimens, but the fringe is still deficient. Hedwig
figures some of the teeth as occasionally 3-pointed. He.
seems to consider this species as very nearly allied to D. sco-
parium , t. 354, not adverting to the extremely different direc-
tion of the leaves, which in the present spread every way,
and are moreover so remarkably incurved and frizzled when
dry. The young ones are of a fine pale green ; the older
brown or black, but still shining. Their points are finely
serrated. The fruit and stalk resemble those of scoparium,
but the capsule is furrowed. Fringe red, rather short. Lid
awlshaped, slender.
Every thing about this Dicranum evinces a much greater
affinity to polyphytlum t. 1217, Scotlianum , t . 139L
than to scoparium and its allies.
21&J
sH
tvoi
.
.
.
'
■
■ '
• : "j '•
, > • ...
■
h -
"
.
■ . , ;
'■ t’ : . ... . ■
'
[ 2168 ]
ORTHOTRICHUM pumilum.
Dwarf Bristle-moss.
CRYPTOGAMIA Musa.
Gen. Char. Caps, oblong, terminal. Outer fringe
of 16 teeth: inner of 8 or 16 bristles; or none.
Veil angular, mostly clothed with erect hairs.
Spec. Char. Stem somewhat branched. Leaves ova-
to-laaceolate, revolute, spreading, beardless. Veil
naked. Each fringe of eight teeth.
Syn. Orthotrichum pumilum. Swcii'tz . Muse. Suec. 42.
& 92. t. 4. /. 9. Sm. FI. Brit. 1264. Dicks.
Crypt, fuse. 4. 5. Winch, v. 1. 106. Turn . Muse.
Hit. 98.
Gathered at Copgrove, Yorkshire, by the Rev. Mr.
Dalton, whose specimens agree precisely with one given by
Mr. Dickson. Mr. R. Brown first found this Orthotrichum
in Ireland.
It is one of the smallest of its genus, and grows on the
trunks of trees, bearing capsules in the spring. The colour
of the leaves is brighter and yellower than in others of the
same size; their form is ovato-lanceolate, with somewhat of
a point, but blunt, and not tipped with any hair. The edges
are entire, a little revolute. Capsules solitary, terminal,
nearly sessile, oblong, rather pear-shaped, olive-coloured, with
8 furrows. Veil striated, quite smooth, greenish- white, with
a straight brown summit. Lid with a little pale straight point.
Outer fringe of 8, not 16, broad, brown, spreading teeth;
inner of 8 very slender, hair-like, white, mflexed bristles.
[ 80IS ]
molirauq MUHOI flTOH Til O
.mttit-aShha. \*v»<ssCL
.mui&
i9*wO . .knioraj '^jitolda j,
Momo ^aatehddl 10 s To = .
esii£d tofno djiw
-*£?0 89VB9J[ .LodDi
fiW .mdlh'wsd tg
*di953
«09W?a .tttisM. .Sitttv
.%bid .\w&
,%vdi:L *«mfC odOl A
•iM *?sH
srii
^d 4i9vi§ sno iiii-
21&
taO
nollfid
1 at
fl
ami
d 81 S'JVJBal 3tlj
1 vscij j9sia 9mea
i‘arj[d Jud (Jnioc( s
*wmov$i afoiil £ t9iiio9 tnjg
7'?L rC' <snoldo t9lic?c^s' ^h£9«
m8 ,8
.imcq ;J ,diiw bLi .bmomsnwoid jd' j: T8t
,rf»3l 3niUaiqg tawdid tbwid tdl Ion t8 lo sgnnl lalnO
•zshz'nd bsx3i,ni 5»3idw ti3bnsla 8 lo isnns
'
«'••• I, ■ % >•
'
'
[ 2169 ]
F U C U S granulatus.
Granulated Fucus.
CRYPTOGAMIA Alga.
Gen, Char. Seeds produced in clustered tubercles,
which burst at their summits.
Spec. Char. Frond round, warty, very much branched:
branches threadshaped, spinous; young ones linear,
flat, entire, with a midrib. Tubercles crowded near
the extremities, necklace-like, with a toothed point.
Syn. Fucus granulatus. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1629.
F. mucronatus. Turn. Syn . 73.
F. nodicaulis. With. v. 4. 111. Hull. 329.
SENT from the Devonshire coast by Mrs. Griffiths to Mr.
Turner, who considers it as an excellent specimen of his mu-
cronatus, under which he candidly admits the probability of
his having confounded several different species. This is un-
doubtedly the gra?iulatus described in Sp. PL and we presume
to think that the foeniculaceus of Linn. Trans, v. 3. 134, on
the authority of a specimen marked by Mr. Woodward, is a
different plant, whatever Hudson’s concalenatus may be, but
it also seems to us very distinct from granulatus.
These species all nearly agree in their dark olive-brown co-
lour, almost black in the dried specimen. The present has a
firm expanded disk for its root, and the main stalk when old
becomes warty, or knotty, in a very remarkable manner. The
young branches are fiat, linear, entire, with a midrib ; the
older ones extremely various in length, and in quantity of sub-
divisions, but all threadshaped, beset with little, sharp, scat-
tered spines, and bearing near their extremities necklace-like
oblong clusters of innate roundish tubercles, each opening by
a pore, and lined internally with seeds.
F. granulatus, Tr. of L. Soc. v. 3. 131, is evidently by the
description not this plant. See t . 2170.
[ 6 Dlfi ]
eoifilnnBTg 8 IJ 0 II
. 'iM -'oi 0iisB.hO
si/I lo mmk •:
lo ^iilid&dcnq sd- ,
-nu 8i srdT -Isai?.?: ;
aawaaig aw hu* ./• •
EwiiooW
“do 8 1
•tnixa ssfj
►dirt daiboooi ai
.sbaas riiiw ylbr
g M
'
_
r 2170 ]
F U C U S barbatus.
Beard-like Fucus.
CRYPTOGAMIA Algee.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced in clustered tubercles,
which burst at their summits.
Spec. Char. Frond round, very much branched, with-
out spines: branches threadshaped. Tubercles
crowded into oblong, terminal, sharp-pointed pods.
Syn. Fucus barbatus. Gooden, and Woodw, Tr, of
L, Soc. v . 3. 128. Turn. Syn. 80. Hull. 317.
F. foeniculaceus. Huds. 5*15. Jl ith. v. 4. 87. Gmel,
Hist. Fucor. 86. t. 2, A.f 2.
Drawn from Mr. Woodward’s own specimen, compared
with one given by Mr. Hudson to Sir d . Frankland as his
foeniculaceus , gathered on the Devonshire coast.
The whole plant is of a very dark olive brown, almost black
when dry. The frond very much branched in an alternate
manner, threadshaped, rather slender, almost capillary at the
points when barren, destitute of spines, and, as far as we
know, of any dilatation so as to resemble leaves. The fructi-
fication is abundant and very obvious, consisting of small,
elliptical or oblong, pod-like clusters of tubercles, in each of
which the seeds are lodged, doubtless in the manner of F. gra-
nulatus , t. 2169.
Mr. Turner considers the granulatus of the learned writers
in Tr. of L. Soc. v. 3. 131, as a variety of this with rather
less crowded tubercles. It is a Yarmouth plant, but not
known to us.
ulfich/jd 8 TJ 0 IJ 1
3'Ai\-tatn<s9
Bsiaq
!
?bb,J bO [rb;
9iB013ll
adl la vrs\
atsli s w
radtet ■
lOfJ jfUfcj f J'ii&i
foiw- ^
dJifomtaY a
* {isruiBrn
>flw aJnioq
> io twonj|
8! ilOjJjBDlt
o taoflqifb
: ' • -• -VM>.y-: **fj doldw
'■6diS? A
' wMmoo laqitiT .sM
,£ ati .oo^ „CL \o ,tT nr
Jl essbimfjjj babwoio gg^l
«8u oj uwoaA
fait/ / ieio/wJ^(Jied jfimiiwi.
»dhw
£dh?9CfjJ
O%hoq
\o Wt
^m%)
e8&bidd
.
.
[ 2171 ]
CONFERVA scopulorum.
Green Flush Conferva .
CRYPTOGAMIA Alga.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced within the substance of
the capillary or jointed frond, or in closed tubercles
united with it.
Spec. Char. Dark green. Filaments simple, short,
ascending, curved, taper -pointed ; glutinous and
cohering at the base. Joints very short.
Syn. Conferva scopulorum. Weber and Mohrs Jour-
ney to Sweden , 195. t. 3.f. 3. Dillw. Syn. n. 12.
t. A.
GATHERED on planks in the sea, over which it spreads to
a great extent, near Bognor, Sussex, by Mr. Borrer, to whom
we are obliged for specimens verified by a comparison with
some sent to Mr. Turner by Dr. Mohr. It is well figured in
a small German volume, which describes a scientific tour
through Sweden, performed by th’i6 gentleman and his friend
Weber.
The patches of this diminutive Conferva resemble coarse
dark-green plush or velvet, and consist of innumerable simple
filaments, which stand nearly erect, but not perfectly so, each
being irregularly bent or curved. The extremities are mostly
taper-pointed and pellucid, sometimes rather tumid. Joints
twice as broad as long. Mr. Dillwyn remarks that the fila-
ments are agglutinated together towards the base in a singular
manner. When dry they cohere in curved clotted tufts.
AUU'lolu(\QO% A V /!
v M r\.
.
.
.
. •
' 1 ■ v ■ )
■ r. ■ • • : . . ,
, . . . ..
[ 217.2 ]
CONFERVA olivacea.
Tufted Olive Conferva.
CRYPTOGAMIA Algae.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced within the substance of
the capillary or jointed frond, or in closed tubercles
united with it.
Spec. Char. Brownish olive. Filaments branched,
erect, tufted, entangled, somewhat rigid ; branches
numerous, scattered, mostly simple, obtuse. Joints
rather broader than long.
Syn. Conferva olivacea. Dilliu . Syn. n . 71. t. C.
Mr. DILLWYN, as well as ourselves, received this new
species of Conferva from Mr. Borrer and Mr. Hooker, who
discovered it on marine rocks in Papa Westra, in the Orkneys.
It is said to spread in patches over the rocks. The filaments
are closely entangled, and, though so far erect as to form a sort
of fine olive-brown turf, throw out branches in various di-
rections. These branches are often, but not constantly, al-
ternate, numerous, obtuse, mostly simple. Their joints
scarcely so long as broad, and, after drying at least, their
separations are white and pellucid. The filaments and branches
are rather rigid, though extremely slender.
ECV
0 s8U019(tl
’*r< ,f)JSO K.1 SB gflo! OS Y‘30t«C>g
-•■ ■ •. vbioolbq has o.r ;l’x/ m. .<■ ''oo^uq^g
!lbc‘ste ihmsmo tim d$ th^n ssrii/n »»
- • -
)
.
.
5 . . ' ‘
.
.
.
0
rt
.
/
' :
■
■
. .
[ 2173 ]
GALIUM verrucosum.
Warty-fruit ed Bedstraw .
TETRANDRIA Monogynia .
Gen. Char. Cor. of one petal, flat, superior. Seeds 2,
roundish .
Spec. Char. Leaves six in a whorl, lanceolate, with
marginal prickles pointing forward. Flower-stalks
axillary, three-flowered. Fruit warty, drooping.
Syn. Galium verrucosum. Sm. Prod. FI. Grcec . Sibth.
v. 1. 93.
G. tricorne. Don Herb. Brit.fcisc. 5. 103.
Vaiantia Aparine. Linn. Sp. PI. 1491.
Aparine semine coriandri saccharati. Tourn. Inst. 114.
Faill. Paris . t. 4.f. 3, b.
Whether this species of Galium , confounded by almost
all botanists with our tricorne , t. 1641, has ever been gathered
in Britain before Mr. G. Don observed it in corn-fields in the
Carse of Gowrie, Scotland, we have no sure means of know-
ing, but we are certain of the above synonyms. It has been
observed near Malton, Yorkshire, by Mr. R. Miller, and is
annual, flowering from June to August.
Root slender, turning reddish when dried, and retaining
the cotyledons long at its summit. Stems several, somewhat
branched, their angles rough with reflexed prickles. Leaves
six in each whorl, their marginal prickles pointing all forward,
not backward ; by which invariable character, and the large
pyramidal tubercles that cover the fruit, and give it the ap-
pearance of a coriander comfit, this species is clearly distin-
guished from tricorne . Linnaeus referred it to Vaiantia because
some flowers have no pistil, but the generic characters in the
fruit of real Valantice are strikingly peculiar, and quite unlike
those of Galium.
^rfi
i i
lo 380xf.?
fuhj i.mio fm/jliL) l: d ^ ^tj/^n/tr/jy J^gndan..
.
■
.... ■
-
I, .
.
.
■ . j .■ jj-ri /
.
.
A ■ :■
-
.
-
•
■
»
. . u
. . ' . • .. . ' •:
.a iii
. .*:.i
[ 2174 ]
JUNCUS gracilis.
Slender Spreading Kasli.
HEXANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal . of 6 leaves* permanent. Cor. none.
Caps, superior, of 3 valves, with 1 or 3 cells. Seeds
several. Stigmas 3.
Spec. Char. Leaves linear, flat. Stem forked, race-
mose, taller than the leaves. Flowers solitary.
Found by Mr. G. Don in 1795 or 1796, by the side of a
rivulet, in marshy ground, among the mountains of Angus-
shire, but very rarely. It appears to us to be a nondescript,
but we received from Mr. Dickson, some years before the
above date, a specimen not so far advanced towards maturity,
of what seems to us the same species.
The root consists of woolly fibres, and has the appearance
of being perennial. Stem very slender, a foot or more in
height, naked, except at the base and summit. Radical leaves
but one or two, much shorter than the stem, narrow, flat,
slightly thickened, or somewhat involute, at their edges, not
channelled. The top of the stem terminates in a few racemose
forked branches, with 2 or 3 leaves at their base. Flowers
solitary, mostly sessile. Calyx-leaves sharp-pointed. Valves
of the capsule blunt and emarginate.
The inflorescence and fructification of this Rush come
nearest to lufonius , t. 802 3 but the fewness of the flowers,
taller stem, and flatter leaves, as well as the broader and
emarginate valves of the fruit, serve well to distinguish it,
not to mention the probably perennial root.
l\ l g I
.gilipBig BU 3 PI U i
fauAYgmbstt* -1.
»rr :
oi J23TE9H
msJe islifij
0
1 n i ti s j
fu/i/liilio /mi/ufa/ fyffljoyeffyjoji </tm
-
. i
■ ■ ’ ' • ' :
■ .
hf'/i rJouo tot ’ v • • ' 7
• -
[ 2175 ]
CALTHA radicans.
Creeping Marsh Marigold .
P0LYANDR1A Polygynia .
Gen. Char. Cal . none. Petals 5. Nectaries none.
Capsules several, with many seeds.
Spec. Char. Stem creeping. Leaves triangular, some-
what heart-shaped, sharply crenate.
Syn. Caltha radicans. Forster Tr . of Linn. Soc. v. 8.
323. t. 17.
]V1r. T. F. FORSTER, who first defined this species of
Caltha , with three other new ones, in the Linnaean Society’s
Transactions, favoured us with this specimen from his garden,
which agrees with wild ones sent by Mr. G. Don from Scot-
land, except that in the latter the stems are more erect. Mr.
Forster’s plant was found in Scotland by Mr. Dickson. It is
perennial, flowering in June, and is sometimes seen with
double flowers in gardens about London, being always readily
known, by its smaller size, more triangular and sharply crenate
lower leaves, and decumbent or creeping stem, from C. pa -
lustris , t . 506. The petals moreover are smaller and more
wedge-shaped, so that the flowers are far less conspicuous and
ornamental.
a fijBoi bin A H TJ 1
^u/ Ua/o/uiMt/ux/fy faJwfstyJ'vfat.
-r. ' . . ’
.• * . V U.V
V\v /<'. ; •:*> i Olio ■> v : i ‘ i.q ' /: :■ ■ n
i : . ; . ' ; . .
v£i; - " • . . >;
*Xv3!tL -I: I . •
.ivftwk smt • -i 1 1 .
' t 1 A
■ • .
-O) • j .
Sli; V /
'
- • i . r\ *J ' ,i
) .i ’ , ! J j
• ' ! ’ ■:•!■ ' ’ i'. i .. . •
‘ end vd tfipiM'OD ad J r > . fr«c) m .v. .. • v io ' : vo
• • ; . _
3CJ 3C3
mit
- V ; 1 1
xnq
[ 2176 ]
BRASSICA Rapa.
Common Turnip .
TETR ADYNAMIA Siliquosa.
Gen. Char. Cal . erect, partly cohering. Seeds
globular. Pod nearly cylindrical ; the partition
prominent, awl-shaped. Glands 4.
Spec. Char. Root stem-like, orbicular, depressed,
fleshy. Radical leaves lyrate, rough ; those of the
stem nearly entire, smooth.
Syn. Brassica Rapa. Linn . Sp . Pl. 9S1. Sm. FI .
Brit. 720. Huds. 289. With. 591. Hull. 148.
Relh. 262. Sibth . 203. Abbot. 145. Mart ,
Rust. t. 49, 50.
Rapa sativa rotunda. Raii Syn . 294.
Frequent about the borders of fields; but whether truly
wild, or the outcast of cultivation, is n®t always readily ascer-
tained. It is biennial, and flowers in April. The use of this
root as a winter fodder for cattle is sufficiently notorious, espe-
cially in Norfolk and Suffolk.
The root is very fleshy and succulent, of a globose figure,
more or less elongated or depressed, white, often tinged ex-
ternally with purple or green, with a taper base throwing out
numerous fibres. Culture, in a soil not too rank, renders it
sweet, and far less acrid than when wild. The stem is upright,
branched, round, leafy and smooth. Radical and lower stem
leaves lyrate, jagged, dark green, rough ; the upper ones nearly
or quite entire, heart-shaped, clasping the stem, smooth, rather
glaucous. Flowers bright yellow, numerous, in terminal co-
rymbs. Calyx more spreading than is strictly proper to the
genus. Pods cylindrical, veiny, smooth.
Mr. T. A. Knight, so celebrated as a botanical physiologist
and cultivator, assures us the Swedish Turnip proves, by the
experiment of cross impregnation, rather a variety of this
than of B. oleracea , t. 969, he having never been able to ob-
tain any offspring betwixt any variety of the latter and either
the Swedish or English Turnip, but, on the contrary, he has.
produced every gradation of appearance between the two latter.
.puisdoo
fich "!£q Sfil -
t'bdassiqsb €ieIjj
3/ii lo 92orfj i rig
oH .w2» tt|g
,m 8Uw¥
J21J6.
• t ,-
-» fid.-
ti>0 gfliWOT
ii si 3 bn jj
•Jdgi.qu -
maj,. ;..v,":..
l!
•03
sd; ..v t^.-v
iaigolai--
adf yd
drfj ic
-do oi al
tsrijtn bnj
i£d ?d
owj
yl /fi t^rf-
“T30^S. '/if
zirit 'ic 3r.
jtods $ /K> *:!&>• r,\J v; . * ) .
■
. 1 , })y\\ , .
■ . ...
. .
..
ir
..
r,. ’ .: : „■. r-t r ...
m ■ •' • • .<wtf
■
^r!> It .... ;■} 1 ' , ,.. v ^ .
.
N
; > < ‘ ■ \ - . ’■ ' - ■ . . ' . . ■ )
[ 2177 ]
P H A S C U M subulatum.
Awl-l(*avcd Earth-moss.
CRYPT0GAM1A Musci.
Gen. Char. Capsule ovate, without any separate lid,
deciduous. Veil minute, deciduous.
Spec. Char. Stem simple. Capsule on a short stalk.
Leaves awlshaped, spreading dilated at the base ;
capillary at the point.
Syn. Phascum subulatum. Linn. Sp. PL 1570. Sm.
FI. Brit . 1149. Hedw . Sp. Muse. 19. Crypt,
v. 1. 93. t. 35. Buds. 466. With. 7 85, Hull. 251.
Relh. 413. Sihth. 272. Abbot. 229. Curt. Bond,
fasc, 4. t. 67. Ehrh. Crypt. 182. Turn. Muse.
Bib . 1,
Sphagnum acaulon trichodes. Dill. Muse. 251.
t. 62. f. 10.
FREQUENT and abundant in shady hollows of sandy banks
in woods or on heaths, bearing fruit in the early spring.
The roots are fibrous and annual. Plants forming rather
loose velvet-like patches, of a lightish green hue. Stem
scarcely one eighth of an inch high, simple, leafy, throwing
out roots from the lower part, Leaves imbricated, numerous,
spreading, awlshaped, entire, dilated and concave at the base,
tapering and somewhat toothed at the point, single-ribbed.
Capsule solitary, erect, brown and shining, elliptic- ovate, on
a short stalk j the point pale or yellowish.
• mM n kn MU 3 BA h
' ■ V* 3 X\~i0hij3i hm & :A A .:. : : ..
*r s fas j&&£!)
no rfg s it© A iv-tj
fdasfl Jb Jfcft&b
2177
*& ,(mt &%
M7;r> All
4aa.'v/e1 ^■•‘•r
■ ■..>
n-%i--'7. V ■•;
f
,I€r .SUM .eV><
si'
/
■,
*
> ■■'*'* SKf) ■- SVi£0 !•:•>•• b^l&f ■■: ,„n:r -,m*
iV- j^v-jlgri** ia-hjq srft ?£ Mtwxi .w4.**as&? s**##^*
v * *• A? ¥$mCf feSF6 ^ > , ..wj
— -:- A3-;,* v *‘,r ;y:r ;v;^
•• : }i t
■ ' . l I " s •'
.
.
:
■
■
:
< . i «,
)
•i ; v : • . . . ,
♦ ri /.«;2:rr;: ■ '
%
•’ xL: ■ ... . -.’.j; ^ . .. v
.
-
*
i’ ^
'*S‘-;rii '' ■ . /• ; J
•: ' ’ C" -l ■ ■
;
‘ • r. [ ■ ; • ' i ■. ,
.
*
■ ' r .. . ■ . J
r;-r/ -■ ■ ,
[ 2178 ]
TRICHOSTOMUM rigidulum.
Little Rigid Fri?ige-moss.
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps . oblong. Fringe of 32 capillary,
straightish teeth, approximated or united in pairs.
Spec. Char. Leaves lanceolate, pointed. Capsule
elliptical. Lid awlshaped. Stem branched.
Syn. Trichostomum rigidulum. Sm. FU Brit. 1238.
Turn . Muse . Rib. 34.
Didymodon rigidulum. Hedw . Sp. Muse . 104.
Crypt, v. 3. 8. t . 4. Roth. Germ. v. 3. 198.
Rryum rigidulum. Dicks. Crypt, fase. 4. 12. Hoffm.
Germ. v. 2. 40.
Mr. R. BROWN seems first to have discovered this moss
on walls near Dublin, and in Northamptonshire. Mr. G. Don
communicated our specimens from the King’s Park, Edin-
burgh. It is perennial, bearing fruit in the spring, or early
part of summer.
The stems are about an inch high, branched and leafy,
growing in tufts. Leaves pale green, soon turning brown,
imbricated on all sides, spreading, broadly lanceolate, keeled,
single-ribbed, entire, taper-pointed, beardless, rather rigid,
twisted when dry. Fruitstalks immediately becoming lateral,
erect, pale red, hardly an inch high. Capsule erect, elliptical,
brown when ripe. Lid awlshaped, shorter than the capsule,
curved, rather slender. Fringe pale brown, erect, of 32 ex-
tremely slender teeth, connected in pairs by a broad base.
[ am ]
.raofobigh MUM0T80HDIHT
fe'sgvil aUisl
2176.
sftefliq^ £8 Tto
^atisq ni ibsJixm 10 b
okfaq^D ,h3inioq y
obsdorr^id mol?
B82 i VnEL
AOl »&'?> ,r t.
pa
-w\oll .fix .*
**cm airfj te.svo:-: I:: •
HOO . {} .-?M
-nib2 ti:. q y-v
?bis
j i.$m&
v/l
^mwoig
t9',rtn® tbsddh-sljnia
4<£13i- ■ . , :■ • -
* nariw baiaiwt
.IfiorJqita ,10919 slu»qsa ,dgid doai ns y!btsd ,fc>t slfiq ,.3319
,3fosqsa sit. flsdtisnoda ,b9qsd«iw* bit .sqh ,urfw nwmd
*X9 88 «toSa ' WO,d 98«M[ .wbnofe TStlfc ,b9VWO
sesd b“0,d 4 t° «'■ t ol bslosimoo ,dl99l rabnsfe ^lomott
r
.v i :i
Iqm oiiO:.
JiTHJjEt He
.
•
.
-c::r
;d
'
r . . , f
j d.d — 'j
.7
. 1 .•
d, ;y„,\k
■
i' *
r. V • 9 - ” . , ■
■. j u. i, J ■ . y. ... , ! . t . .
J
■
.
l
. t ..
.
.
»'dT .TarioS .17 tv. ./, . •. ' ...
• ;; • -• 1 :.K-I . • . .. '• o) 01.: t r
• • - iais. . .
mod i
fd-: • ' ? < ; ; i> p|
r, A'Vrt 3;
J> _ :i 'J.
> . .... i
- i .
AX.,: .1
1 v irinbriucfa bt. c 1 r. ■
.Jo A b> ■ X
f d-W; • ,.7 id: . . .
.
7:.-_ ■ . ■ . iv .. *
b dddoUj
{ in cl [h;
IdfiTsb.iarj'op Kwhfyj .tJlr.Urryi v i j i ! mle. .
laioq 'Slid on l;j<j >dh - r
fiiw
. ' : 1 , ' J : l J '
'
■ «osn : r : ■ n • . v-?: : ■ ,
>l . ■ .
t • ' ; •
*;v 3 - •• ,:>? r: - ' ; : ■ ;• . . : I . i . . f ■
r ■' : • '‘ >0 ,, i ; ; . , ■ ' : * , ■ ? ■
*o • - « t\
. . . . ' I >
[ 2179 ]
TORTULA fallax.
Fallacious Screw-moss .
CRYPTO GAM I A Musci.
Gen. Char. Fringe simple, of numerous capillary
teeth, spirally and repeatedly twisted together.
Spec. Char. Stem branched. Leaves linear- lanceo-
late, keeled, spreading, recurved. Capsule some-
what elliptical. Lid oblique.
Syn. Tortula fallax. Swartz . Muse. Suec. 40. Sm.
FI. Brit. 1252. Turn. Muse. Hib. 48.
Barbula fallax. Hedw . Sp.Musc. 120. Crypt, v. 1.
6 2. t. 24.
Bryum fallax. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 3. 5. With. 833.
Hull. 264.
WE received these specimens from Mr. W. Borrer. The
moss is not uncommon on the tops of walls, hut care is requisite
to distinguish it from some of its congeners, and the great
Hedwig has misapplied synonyms belonging to T. imherlis
FI. Brit. 1261.
This species is perennial, and bears capsules abundantly in
March or April. Stems an inch high, much branched, leafy.
Leaves of a full but yellowish green, linear-lanceolate, di-
lated at the base, keeled, slightly revolute, entire, considerably
recurved, furnished with a thick rib, but no hair-like point ;
rather indexed by drying. Fruitstalk an inch high, dark red,
at first terminal, but the branches are soon greatly elongated
beyond its insertion. Capsule upright, nearly cylindrical,
brown, smooth. Lid reddish, awlshaped, as long as the cap-
sule, oblique, scarcely curved. Fringe deep crimson, soon
falling off, so as to mislead an incautious observer respecting
the genus.
C eus ]
zjb!u>
•ISlIjSgO
-smog siueqjsD
21
/y '
«0£ ' / d
.8* M l .0
• I M Atijgfo ■' ' •
c88 8 .AtfW
sriT Banos'
stfigfk~»9i ai also iut
J£3i^ ad* kj& .?
%Vta$n» .*T oi ^o:
III ’{bfijsbouxk r
*^£9i ^bsdofiir,
»ib ?9tjsl030(f
^Mfiiabiaxii
? inioq adif-iui;,:
e-bsi dijsb <dgid
bategnob Ht£$i
If dsiugnrJaib
mix asd ^iwb:>Il
, ids I »ih8 .('I
ai aaioaqg airiT
M
W 89VB9J
h jb bsijsl
/ji f b3V7L 791
sxaftai larilBi
oirms) iaid is
aii bfio^3<J
3- ftOn.^o
a. Tlffitaiii
■>e . 97.e eadoafiid adi in,
tIfi9iibf2ib(9 $i£9« tJd§iiqtx afoaq^D ,no
-qBD 9tU 8B guoi s.e ^baqfidefwB td r bL£ .dJoomg tnwoid.
nooa ^noamiio qaab 3gnbr|I ,bsv ixn ytaoiBog t9upiIdo t9fua
§fix]39q^9l^i9?^9gdo b&dhim ©j as oa t"fto gadis!
0eofl9§ ad*
W'A !I 0 f J
: j'V.V*
'
p
.- . 1 1
I).; . .
has ,3
r :: ! -
3 • :'■■ ,
’
i
. ;
: ' ‘ :;v . .u’l ,;joib
• ‘ *- ; i'- • ^ f,j , ri ; j
■ r . ■ • ! Ikimi
■ * ' • ’ ' : . /; •: ’
III.!., '>
c :
' r :: '■ - - ■ •_ ;•
: - - L' ^-b:v| i:,vd
-.1 r:;if in :■ t J . ;;; ... ..... i. ,
[ 2180 ]
LICHEN olivaceus.
Olive-coloured Leafy Lichen.
CR YP TO GAM I A Alger.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the
seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Leafy, creeping, orbicular, brown-olive,
shining, rugged in the centre ; brownish and fibrous
beneath : its lobes flat, dilated, cut and dotted.
Shields dark-chesnut-olive, with an inflexed unequal
margin.
Syn. Lichen olivaceus. Linn. Sp. PL 1611. Ach.
Prod . 121. Huds. 532. With. v. 4. 35. Hull. 29 5.
Relh. 462. Sibth. 325. Abbot. 2 63.
Lichenoides olivaceum, scutellis lsvibus. Dill. Muse.
182. l. 24./. 77: also/. 78.
L. crusta foliosa scutellata, pullum. Raii Syn . 72.
Parmelia olivacea. Ach. Meth. 213. Winch, v. 2. 56.
Ear from rare on pales or the smooth barks of trees. It is
often peculiarly conspicuous on the white cuticle of the birch,
and is readily known from all our other creeping or imbricated
Lichens by its shining olive colour, little altered by wet or by
drought. The patches are from 2 to 4 inches broad, some-
times much granulated and rugged in the central part, and
usually, but not always, besprinkled throughout, as well as
the borders of the shields, with papillary warts. The disk of
the shields is rather concave and uneven, of a more chesnut
cast than the frond, or their own borders. They are smooth
and even at the back, not rugged like L . corrugatus , t. 1652.
[ 08 tS j
.eusoBvilo HOI J
.srefosi SmuoSoo-yiiiO
el 3 1 ,S33i j Io ;? >■
*efotid silt lo ocj
baJfibndmf icgniq^ir
io Jsv ye b •• • .
-snros tbsoid asdi
ba£
8B Haw SB ,VI;C;. :•''
' nro.;? uwo/hI y
, iida ait ^d snaihij
iio1* adT .idguoib
l?i fcff.s- r- ■■ j£!nn£i§ doi/m ,s$mh
miiqssd Kcvs wte Soa itid zvl fsiiarj
10 sisib sri’r .ilitw Tfwsiiiqaq riliw <eb! aids gift Io aisbrod sd
lanssrio siom e lo tn3vanu b«£ avBonoo isrfiBi si abfsids sd
ritooraa sia ipn f .sisbiod nwo tradi io tbnoil aril asdnstt
-5eai .i «i»rt»gimo3 ,il s*I bsggin ion «3load srfl ts nsv3 bni
,t,rA\b. klMkaOTTfR':
.attjsw be?stt£:jg
rbxdw nl c3oloiodii) io ajbl
^vilo-nwid f
3uo*rcfd bns rfeinw
•boiiob hrt£
Isupenu
2180.
L r
.BE .s
■itaK
.aes.UuR »ce ,^
.862 ..V:
.Wsd ,8 udsv
io lO.biroa-jdoiJ
V
[ 2181 ]
LICHEN elegans.
Elegant Orange Lichen .
CRYPTOGAMIA Alga.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the
seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust hard, smooth, orbicular, radiating,
plaited or rugged ; its lobes linear, compound, con-
vex, wavy, all of a tawny orange, as well as the
shields and their smooth borders.
Syn. Lichen elegans. Ack. Prod . 102.
L. sympageus. Ack. Prod . 105.
L. fulvus. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 3. 16. JVilld. v. 4. 33.
Hull. 294.
Lichenoides tenuissimum, scutellis exiguis miniatis.
Dill. Muse. 175. t. 24. f. 68.
Parmelia elegans. Ack. Meth . 193. Winch, v. 2. 54.
We are not sure that several distinct Lichens have not been
confounded under the above synonyms, but we have in the
plate added one of Dr. Swartz’s beautiful original specimens
from Lapland, that botanists may judge respecting his plant.
Those drawn upon the stone were gathered on Salisbury craigs,
Edinburgh, in 1781.
This species is most akin to murorum , t. 2157? but always
much smaller in dimensions, and more orange, or fulvous,
in colour ; the segments are also more inclined to separate,
and become linear zigzag and convex. We should suppose
Hoffmann’s miniatus , PI. Lich. t. 60. f. 1, to be the same
with ours, but Acharius now separates it. Hoffmann’s tegu-
laris , t. 17 .f. 3, is far more unlike elegans , though quoted
as a variety in the Methodus of the learned author just men-
tioned.
•enegob VL 3 H D I J
•fttAosil agnmO inag^3t
umkotymao
.311EW fcsTOJtos t3kM ,»AH O .faQ
9tb doidw ni ,83bi9dul -jo gbhida ,‘Jumal
2m
,gnil£t^ei .trfiKHcho glooms \l ; •
-hod tlimjoqmoD
arf} as'IIsw 8£
08E .tf
shBimm giugixa gilfs'i 0
.fifj
,2 .vs 06 0 1 b
i299d ton svBff ansdo
adt ni avud aw Jud
anamiaaqe knigno 1
•Jnsfq sid gnhosqss:
Ke§i£iD ywdeilsB r. -
vt ion m aW
s 10 babnodlnoa
' alio babbs assfq
,bmdq*kl moil
u nwEib aaodT
ni tdmudnib3
b^bwIb lod
^200 V lot 70
t9j£1£q38 m y.#dh*y
aeoqqng blwede a ?
amsa adi ad oi dt
sm 81 2913303 SfdT
■'» ^ «12»fX}£9g sdi £ 700100 ni
h.a& gasgix lissail ansooad bns
da id J1! eVmjemBoH
=m^ skins criftoH Ji gaieisqsg won eumdoA iud ^eino dJiw
bsioop dgoodj b ddnn 3iom iehi <€
~ii3m Jew £ iodine i33jniB3l sxk lo ^bosUaM, ?dj ni ^isnsv & gs
,bmoh
,
v.-,,
* .
.
.. : , - ; ! -
I : • . .
-
.
Ui ■
. a
■ •:
, ■ ; • ..
/i ,:-i v : / ;•
' h 9 J I X ?»$•; '] Ti tWfij SVtyl (ji III
...
' ' . . 4k id
[ 2182 ]
LEPRARIA aeruginosa.
Verdigrise Lepraria.
CRYPTOGAMIA Algos.
Gen. Char. Seeds in a powdery substance, loosely
clothing a membranous or fibrous crust.
Spec. Char. Light verdigrise green. Crust fibrous,
obscurely jointed, forming soft spreading tufts.
Fructification in small round clusters.
Syn. Byssus aeruginosa. Huds. 60 5. With, v. 4. 143.
Hull. 307.
B. lanuginosa aeruginosa. Dill. Muse . 4. t . 1. f. 7.
Conferva pulveria. Dilliv. Syn . n . 78. £. D.
JL FIRST met with this plant on the pillars of the beautiful
chapel at Roslin 7 miles from Edinburgh, in 1782. Mr.
Dickson, who had never before seen it, determined the sy-
nonyms of Hudson and Dillenius. My young friend Mr.
Leach has since gathered it there also. This spring I collected
very fine specimens, one of which appears in the annexed
plate, on the north wall of Wormleybury church, Herts,
close to the tomb of Lady Amelia Hume. Mr. Young found
the same in Glamorganshire, according to Mr. Dillwyn, who
refers it to Conferva .
This species is most akin to L. latebrarumy t. 2147, with
which it agrees in general structure, but differs in being of a
much softer looser texture, by no means firm, rounded, or
cushion-like; neither is it grey or stone- coloured, as our
i. 2147 ought to have been represented after Mr. Sowerby’s
original drawing seen by me, but of a delicate verdigrise green.
The fibres of the basis are by great attention found to be
slightly jointed, but we conceive it ought not for that reason
to be removed from the fibrous Leprarioe , with which it agrees
in more peculiar characters.
$8L2 ]
oB8onigu*is5 A I fl A H CI 3
uiuiO’i
^feaool ?93aSl3GIJ3 Tftsbwcq . b
J20TD 30OldB *10 BUOiU
2/82..
lye 2£ ■ q:o 'vv q^iil-noiiisuo
* .. :.a. />ood avfid ol idguo A
.Oimg 38nx,;bTf-v 9j£'>;I::?b £ 'to lud qjffl ^d 0398 goiwJBlb IfifligilO
3d o: bnxbi vk?v issig vd sis eiajsd sdl \o esidd sdT
nosssnr ted! -v.-i yjo. Kb/.;e 3v> ?\incc> r?/ Jud JbJaioj vLtdgifs
899i§£ iii ibid dbw ^nwxOpd. sooidft aril moil bsvoom ad oi
819laeT6rfD 7Ulfo39q 37010 Of
•' Ip": \ .
'
'
'
‘ ' ‘ ■ ’ yj
* .
tu< '■ ■' 1 ’ ■ : ;
2n')l^y ' . •' • . ■ f. . • • ■ .
[ 2183 ]
FUCUS Bursa.
Pouch Fucus.
CRYPTOGAMIA Alga.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced in clustered tubercles,
which burst at their summits.
Spec. Char. Frond green, globose, hollow, minutely
papillary, composed of club-shaped concentric ve-
sicles, connected by capillary, tubular, branching,
entangled filaments.
Syn. Fucus Bursa. Turn . Hist. Fucor . v. 3. 6. t. 136.
Alcyonium Bursa. Linn . Syst. Nat. v. 1. 1295.
Lamarckia Bursa* Olivi in Zoolog. Adriat. 258.
ThIS strange production appears from Mr. Turners work
to have been observed on several parts of the English sea coast.
Our specimens were gathered in the Irish seas by Mr. Temple-
ton near Belfast, and their fibrous roots were attached to frag-
ments of shells. Each plant is a hollow spongy ball, from.
1 to 10 inches in diameter, green, composed of entangled
pellucid jointed fibres, bearing numerous concentric oblong
vesicles, whose obtuse summits reaching to the outside of the
ball, give it a papillary or velvety appearance. Olivi says the
seeds are in masses between the vesicles. He makes a new
genus of this plant, adding another, the Ulva decorticata of
Mr. Woodward, TV. of Linn. Soc. v. 3. 55. Mr. Turner
shows its affinity to F. iomentosus) t. 712, and therefore, for
the present at least, reckons it among Fuel. In mode of
growth it closely resembles Conferva cegagropila} t. 1377*
o o
ȣ8iufl 8 x
•uioul A
• •:
■• *>; Vt. J. v;> .{V , ij' ).;■:. ,o.- ,
*to MS* f JIM 4 .Htutann) oi yjinfflg sji gwotfe
J°m ni '”*’■*• Sn°m* « enojfoat «;«*>! jfi inaesiq 9if,
c asfcfm^gsi ybsofo Ji rfiwois
- ■ /. .
‘V
‘ .-V . - .
■> pit-J il ’ V ‘ ; /'
- ~ ■ ‘ ■ ; ^ „ ■
•U?iiivL ,r;S? #g .vy. .ioiO V * . -•*
J • ’ - '
■v- !i - 'V . r ? ! f jjo , ■ .
•" •
10:
■ -
:-
<g«isv v . ; , .•■ .
“
/
.
.
■> ’■'! v.f 1
t
tb3i0f?p y vJhu :, • • •• \ ■
.. ,
• - • - . ......
[ 2184 ]
PIN GUICU LA grandiflora.
Large-flowered Butter-wort .
DIANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cor. ringent, spurred. Cal. two-lipped,
with five segments. Capsule of one cell.
Spec. Char. Nectary cylindrical, pointed, as long as
the petal. Upper lip roundly lobed : lower reticu-
lated. Capsule ovate.
Syn. Pinguicula grandiflora. Decand. FI. Franc, v. 1.
250. v. 3. 575. Lamarck. Diet. v. 3. 22. Illustr.
t. 14./. 2.
The Rev. Mr. Hincks, Secretary to the Cork Institution,
has favoured us with fine specimens of this Pinguicula , new
to our Flora, found plentifully in marshy ground in the west
part of that county, by Mr. Drummond, curator of the bo-
tanic garden at Cork, from whose accurate remarks we extract
the following. — “The leaves are nearly twice as large as those
of P. vulgaris , t. 70, more veiny, and yellower. Flower-stalks
from 6 to 9 inches high, more viscous and stronger. Calyx
more obtuse. The chief difference lies in the corolla, which
in this is finely reticulated all over with dark blue veins, and
twice as large as in vulgaris. It flowers in May; loses all its
leaves, and forms into little scaly bulbs in the winter. P. lu -
sitanica , t. 14 5, very common in that part of Ireland, keeps
its leaves through the winter. P. vulgaris is not found
there.” — Mr. Drummond brought roots of this newly dis-
covered species to his garden in July, when they were quite
out of bloom, and our specimens were produced the following
spring, 1810. In a wild state the corolla was still larger than in
these. From the accounts and figure in the works above quoted,
we presume there can be no doubt of its being the plant in-
tended by their authors, as Mr. Hincks first suggested to us.
'
*
*
.
.
.
*
• ' .
A\ .J,ul . . ■ , • .
■ ,
-
.
'
, ■ . - . •. •
• T;;v j-: »./•■ ; ,4 ; ■
'
• ^
[ 2185 ]
CAREX pallescens.
Pale Carex .
M ONOE CIA Triandria .
Gen. Char. Male, Ccithin imbricated. Cal. of 1
scale. Cor . none. Female, Catkin imbricated.
Cal. of 1 scale. Cor. none. Stigmas 2 or 3.
Seed clothed with a swelling tunic.
Spec. Char. Sheaths very short. Spikes cylindrical,
stalked; when in fruit pendulous. Fruit elliptical,
inflated, obtuse.
Syn. Carex pallescens. Linn. Sp. PI. 1386. Sm. FI.
Brit. 989. Gooden. Tr. of Linn . Soc. v. 2. 186.
Buds. 410. With. 103. Hull. 208. Light f. 358.
Relh . 369. Sibth. 29. Abbot. 204. Dicks. H.
Sicc.fasc. 4. 16. Schkuhr. n. 92. t. Kk.t/'. 99.
Gramen cyperoides polystachyon flavicans, spicis bre-
vibus prope summitatem caulis. Rail Syn. 419.
COMMON in moist groves and pastures, flowering in May
and June. It is known by its palish green colour when in
fruit.
Root fibrous, perennial. Stem erect, 12 or 18 inches high,
triangular, striated, the angles more acute and rough in the
upper part ; leafy at the base only. Leaves shortish, flat, pale,
somewhat hairy, their edges roughish. Bracteas leafy, upright,
rising above the stem, very slightly sheathing at their base.
Male spike terminal, erect, lanceolate, dense, pale brown:
female 2 or 3, on long slender smooth stalks, cylindrical,
somewhat ovate, obtuse, soon pendulous. Glumes ovate,
with a little point, yellowish brown, with a green keel. Fruit
nearly equal to them in length, very obtuse, tumid, smooth,
ribless, light green. Stigmas 3. Seed obovate, with 3 angles.
, ana oesllsq Z2H/ 0
2/24"
Jiu
trfioorng tbimui
.ssi'gns 8 .dir .
erjicio
wolfey f J
f£
Jiml
ooidd ioofl
[la tlfilijgnj3nf
3 1 i ll£q i3q qu
J£f(w9fnO0
vod£ gnigh
diqg sffiM
S abois’l
iB/iwsmoa
FjJif £ riJfw
I ni insdi o i bops \iiB3u
SM'U’sh 8 .,(19312 JflSi! .3g3ldJ
08!
*8c
o .istaivi
.ee \
■3id aiDiqs
^bM Oil *301!
qi na'dw *ijjoji
tdgirf 89 d:-
sril ni
*
' V, l
■ , .
1 ‘ ; '
•
• ' '
. r.
1 ■ '■■■ . • • .
•
j
.
Mfi r . .
•
?■; .;v..v
*
*■
V
fNfp ***** ^ '
I
[ 2186 ]
S A L I X tenuifolia.
Tlnn-leaved Willow.
DIO ECIJ Diandria.
Gen. Char. Male, Cal . the scales of a catkin. Cor .
none. Nectary a gland at the base of the stamina.
Slam . 1—5. Female, Cal . & Nect. like the male.
Cor. none. Stigmas 2. Caps . superior, of 1 cell
and 2 valves. Seeds downy.
Spec. Char. Leaves elliptical, acute, serrated, smooth-
ish, glaucous beneath. Stipulas small or none.
Capsules very smooth.
Syn. Salix tenuifolia. Sm. FI. Brit. 1052.
Drawn from the garden of Mr. T. F. Forster at Clapton,
who received it from Scotland. We have with the greatest
care compared it with our original specimens of S. tenuifolia ,
gathered near Kirkby Lonsdale bridge, and find no difference,
except the greater size and luxuriance of the present plant,
which rises to the height of a small tree. In consequence of
this luxuriance, the stipulas are more considerable than in our
wild specimens. It flowers in May. — The young branches
are very slightly downy. Leaves elliptical, rather pointed,
slightly serrated, besprinkled when young with fine close-
pressed hairs ; bright green above ; glaucous and whitish be-
neath, reticulated with veins ; the rib sometimes hairy. Sti-
pulas small, somewhat falcate, serrated, smooth. Male cat-
kins yellowish, about an inch long, with very hairy scales,
which in Mr. Forster’s plant are elliptical. Stamens two. —
In the wild Westmoreland female shrub the catkins are finally
im inch and half long, with ovato-lanceolate, smooth, sessile
capsules, a long style, and rather thick notched stigmas.—
The original Westmoreland plant seems to vary in degree of
pubescence, and in shape of the scales of the male calkin.
.fiiloiiunaj X
2ib6.
yf" - f t m
-
'
#
1
-
.
'
■
* e >■ ' -
[ 2187 ]
ORTHOTRICHUM striatum.
Common Bristle-Moss.
CRYPT OGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, oblong, terminal. Ouier fringe
of 1 6 teeth: inner of 8 or i 6 bristles; or none.
Veil angular, mostly clothed with erect hairs.
Spec. Char. Stem branched. Leaves lanceolate,
keeled, revolute, spreading. Veil entire, inner
fringe of sixteen teeth.
Syn. Orthotrichum striatum. Hedw. Sp. Muse. 163.
Crypt, v. 2. 99. t. 36. Sm. FI. Bril. 1262. Swartz.
Muse. Suec.4;2. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 4. 5. Turn.
Muse. Hib . 95. Winch, v. 1. 106.
Bryum striatum. Linn. Sp. PI. 1579, a. With. 810.
Abbot. 236. Relh. 425.
Polytrichum striatum. Huds. 471, oc. Hull. 248.
P. capsulis subrotundis, pedicuiis brevissimis insidenti-
bus, calyptr& striata, arboreum ramosum majus.
Rail Syn. 91.
P. Bryi ruralis facie, capsulis sessilibus, majus. Dill.
Muse. 430. t. 55. f. 8.
Weissia striata. Sibth. 287.
ONE of the few sp^ies of this very natural genus that is
complete in its technical generic characters. It is not rare on
the trunks of old trees, though perhaps more so than some of
the more anomalous species already published in this work.
The stems are perennial, tufted, branched, leafy, an inch or
two high, level-topped. Leaves spreading loosely, lanceolate,
acute, pointless, entire, revolute, keeled, veinless, dark green;
the upper ones palest, more expanded, and sometimes jagged
at their extremities. Capsules on lateral shoots, extending a
little beyond the leaves, furrowed in their upper part when
ripe, scarcely twisted. Veil clothed with erect yellow hairs.
Lid short, with a blunt cylindrical point. Outer fringe of 16
equal, flat, brownish teetb, occasionally reflexed ; inner of
16 white, indexed, jointed and jagged scales rather than bris-
tles. Anthers in axillary clusters, on a separate plant.
•
.
■
-
'V
[ 2188 ]
ORTHOTRICHUM rivulare.
River Bristle-moss .
CRYPTO GAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, oblong, terminal. Outer fringe
of 16 teeth: inner of 8 or 16 bristles; or none.
Veil angular, mostly clothed with erect hairs.
Spec. Char. Stem branched. Leaves ovate, obtuse,
revolute, pointless. Veil toothed, naked.
Syn. Orthotrichum rivulare. Sm. FI. Brit. 1266.
Turn . Muse. Hib. 96. t. 8.
Communicated from Ireland by Mr. Turner and Mr.
Templeton. It is found upon stones in rivulets, and has the
dull lurid hue usual in aquatic mosses.
The stems form loose tufts about two inches high, and are
branched, nearly level-topped, and leafy. The leaves are of a
dark dull green, spreading, ovate, obtuse, revolute, keeled,
without any hair-like point; when dry they become closely
pressed to the stem. Capsules terminating the branches, on
short stalks, enveloped with the leaves, ovate, yellowish-
brown, with 8 ribs. Veil pale brownish green, bell-shaped,
quite naked, with 8 ribs, the margin torn, the point acute
and brownish. Lid convex with a little straight point, the
margin red. Fringe pale brown, or yellowish ; the outermost
of 16 teeth, united or approximated in pairs; the inner of 16
indexed, slender, minutely jointed bristles.
X
.
<
s ■ ,
[ 2189 ]
H Y P N U M illecebrum.
Glass-wort Feather-moss.
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps, ovate-oblong, from a lateral scaly
sheath. Outer fringe of 1 6 teeth, dilated at the base .
inner a variously toothed membrane. Fed smooth.
Spec. Char. Stem irregularly branched. Branches
obtuse. Leaves elliptical, inflated, obtuse with a
small point, and a single obsolete nerve.
Syn. Hypnum illecebrum. Hedw. Sp. Mac. 2o2.
t. 66. f. 1, 2? Sm. FI. Brit. 1314. Huds. 504.
With. 862. Hull. 273. Sihlh. 300. Schreb. Lips.
95. Winch, v. 1. 110.
H. cupressiforme rotundius, vel Illecebrse temulum.
Dili. Muse. 311. t. 40. /. 46.
H. terrestre erectum, ramulis teretibus, folus subro-
tundis albo-virentibus cinctis. Ran Syn. 81, under
ft. 7. ^
Few plants have been more confused than this Hypnum,
which is so very near purum, t. 1599, that many persons have
thought it only a variety. It differs chiefly in its more turgid
aspect, blunter branches, and broader more concave leaves.
No fructification has ever been found upon it by any British
botanist. It grows either in dry barren pastures, when l : ie
plant is short and upright, as gathered by the late Rev Mr.
Bryant at Heydon, Norfolk; or in damp more shady places,
when, as in our specimens from Mr. Lyell, the stems are
more elongated and procumbent, and the colour tinged with
h'rhllenius’s fig. C, copied from Vaillant, Bot. Par. t. 25,
Shows the capsules, which are ovate, short and curved ; but
we suspect the Pensylvanian moss, considered by him as agree-
ing exactly with this figure, may be different.
Linnams’s H. illecebrum is Mnium arrhenopterum, 3m. tr.
of L Soc. v. 7. 262. Hedwig’s is of Pensylvanian origin.
2Lbg.
V . ' • .
\
9
'
-
i
[ 2190 ]
FUCUS acicularis.
Needle-branched Fucus.
CRYPTOGAMIA Algce.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced in clustered tubercles,
which burst at their summits.
Spec. Char. Frond pale red, somewhat cartilaginous,
thread-shaped, repeatedly forked; its segments
spreading, sharp-pointed, beset with scattered thorn-
like processes. Tubercles scatteied, sessile, glo-
bular.
Syn. Fucus acicularis. Turn . Hist, Fucor, v, 2. 143.
t. 12 6.
f OUND cast on the shore of Cornwall by P. Rashleigh, Esq.
and at Belfast by Mr. Templeton, according to Mr. Turner,
to whom we are obliged for a specimen.
Several fronds, 2 or 3 inches long, arise from one small
callous base, and seem, as Mr. Turner suspected, to creep by
their lower branches. Above they are subdivided, thread-
shaped but occasionally somewhat flattened, loosely spreading,
their upper part considerably branched and divaricated, with
many short, sharp, spine-like, ultimate segments. The co-
lour is a purplish red, white within. The fructification is said
to consist of pale red globular lateral warts, but this we have
never seen.
l oeis. j
otbIi/oiob JDTj^l
,3ooni§
-modi
■ofa
m .s ,‘i vuo
^ahtadm
pa3 ^rigblxkfiH ■
isrniiT „iM v; ;;•»>.-•
Ism a mo ;. f } o
;ci rp9i;> oi fhwxy.. -
byssird ,iv h;v-b L .
’Jiw <.bdj£3n&y(b b'Vfc bau..;a£
33 ?. -.unsmiLsas aiBrnnlo
; "■ : • ■*>.') y. \ 3aoiis3
t’Jflfiid rjwol U3jit
: ; ^ onoi8B33© Jod buqBrfs
"u y !d£‘]jbie]no3 Jisq lacjq/j jiodi
t<pjsrie ^lods < gzm
,£s cl ociisoduofni ad I. mdii// Mjriw ?bai ifailqijjq s -• ,
mi- **•-' • '^sJTfB.w iBiaiaf taiudoig bat altcj io iaignoo
»0993 19V.:
:>
'
*
~
■
.
[ 2191 ]
FUCUS capillaris.
Red Capillary Fucus.
CRYPT OG AMI A Algct.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced in clustered tubercles,
which burst at their summits.
Spec. Char. Frond red, somewhat gelatinous, thread-
shaped, very much branched : uttimate segments
awlshaped, short, crowded, imperfectly two-ranked.
Seeds imbedded in some of the segments.
Syn. Fucus capillaris. Huds. 591. With. v. 4!. 115.
Hull . 329. Gooden. & Woodw. Tr. of Linn. Soc.
v . 3. 231, note. Turn. Syn. 370. Hist. Fucor . v. 1.
65. t. 31.
We are obliged to Sir Thomas Frankland for specimens of
this rare plant, collected on the Scarborough coast. By his
authority, decisive in such a case, it is declared to be F . capil-
laris of Hudson, a species concerning which all other botanists
have been in doubt. Even Mr. Turner has been in the same
predicament; but besides specimens from Sir T. Frankland,
he has received some from Anglesea, equally authenticated by
another correspondent of Mr. Hudson, the Rev. H. Davies.
This is a beautiful species, of a fine pink or crimson colour,
and gelatinous substance, jointed like Rivularia Opuntia ,
t. 1868, and consisting of several fronds from one small callous
base, each 8 or 10 inches high, threadshaped, much and re-
peatedly branched ; the chief branches longest in the middle
part of the frond, often nearly opposite ; the subordinate ones
mostly alternate, and, according to Hudson, inclined to be
2-ranked. The latter are very numerous and delicate, tapering
at their base and summit, sometimes observed by Mr. Turner
to lodge a row of red seeds in their centre. We observe some
brownish lateral or imbedded warts, but dare not aver them
to be any part of the fructification. This species is found in
the summer, and presumed to be annual.
rot
z :j ) i
onmJryo ifidv
jimmlu
fti D0£i ^ iSCCiniiJc: i i
-A/i ' r / /( !{/t '?,;////// / f '/fy .
r
r
'
‘
-
[ 2192 ]
CONFERVA glomerata.
Green Cluster Conferva.
CRYPTOGAM1A Alga;.
Gen Char. Seeds produced within the substance of
the capillary or jointed frond, or in closed tubercles
united with it.
Spec. Char. Green, very much branched. Branches
alternate, clustered, pencil-shaped; the ultimate
ones directed to one side. Joints cylindrical, five
times as long as broad ; their partitions pellucid.
Syn. Conferva glomerata. Linn. Sp. PL lWt.
Huds. 602. With. v. 4. 140. Hull. 334. Light/.
993. Sibth. 337. Abbot. 27 5. Dillw. Conf. t. 13.
Ft. Dan. t. 651. /. 2. .
C. fontalis ramosissima, glomeratim congesta. Lh l.
in Raii Syn. .59. Muse. 28. t. 5. f. 31. .
C. viridis capillacea, brevioribus setis, ramosior, sive
C. minor ramosa. Moris, v. 3. 644. sect. 15. t. 4.
/• 2. —
Found in very clear springs and rivulets in various places.
Mr Borrer sent us the specimen here represented from Sus-
-The whole plant is of a bright shining green very
smooth and slippery, but not viscid or gelatinous to the touch.
The principal stems, which are several inches long, send off
numerous threadshaped branches, and these bear fine e n -
tered subdivisions, ultimately terminating in ™nges of lu de
short branches all directed one way which give the plant a
neruliar clustered or tuft-like aspect. The joints are \ery
even, about ^ times as long as broad with dear colon, dess
partitions. Fructification hitherto unknown. Mr. Di l ;^
presumes it, from analogy, to he capsular -We were rath^
none7 of which has any agreement with this plant. So iropor-
tant is it to study authentic editions .
[ SQfS J
jsJBiamoig AVH31K0
.»<m\«o3 sm-\D
°^k KMkOOTTJftO
lo totiBlzdue adl nidliw baoubom
sb-radm b98ob ni to ,Lnoil L , ««•
isrbmrtH .bsdonmd dairo
rtsmhJu 3fb * bsqerfg-
^ Jsphbnilp giniol
'bhulhq snohhiEq
red i .n .<$
.£££ .
SI a ^tcO
90.Biq a,
ijj8
ov ta
huoi
> ba
ub
liil .to sagast
tn.Bfq aril svm
y/ arts aiaio'
jhuofoa •§&>{•:.
[wdiG aiM
rfist 3i9w aW .. _iUijyeJ. ...
bsq.8 aV-csf/a/J b
Jaanoa ai,W gf daidw io aoi)ibJ\
as '{<} 5lairt 9rfj m .riguorij .avotb
fi e8m93aJi *nvwlhG .fM ,fs lot iuo
‘:>A> 8! ri3iriw «i .noiiifo ;
9 Og Jusfq suit riJiw «9nmis< $. Mlf r/3;r,,„-lo ;
* (aoitibs ohmrim vbm oi ,j g,:
«8£/iflalfiCI gnd
;\ t3837q off
bH gn/eu r
d babnsrfaTqai
4
f
■
'
■
'
■
*
'
• ■
[ 2193 ]
ULVA montana.
Red Mountain Laver .
CRYPTOGAMIA Algce.
Gen. Char. Frond membranous or gelatinous. Seeds
solitary, scattered throughout its substance, under
the cuticle.
Spec. Char. Frond leathery, dark red, of numerous,
ascending, rounded, flattish, finely granulated lobes.
Syn. Ulva montana. Lightf. 973. Huds. 652. JVilh.
v. 4. 122. Hull . 314.
We have authentic specimens, from the Rev. Dr. Burgess
and his son, of this curious plant from the hills of Dumfries-
shire. Lightfoot, who alone has described it, for other au-
thors only copy him, says it grows on the ground, amongst
grass and moss, on the sides of mountains in Skye, Ross-
shire, &c., and that “the Highlanders wash it, and rub it be-
tween their hands into some water, so as to make a thin
pulpy mixture, and with this they purge their calves.” It is
called Mountain Dulse, and has the smell, with much of the
appearance, of Fucus palmatus , l. 1306, though sufficiently
different from that submarine plant in character, as well as in
station.
The fronds are of a deep blood-red, with a tinge of dull
green here and there, and lie on the ground, according to
Lightfoot, without visible roots. They consist of several
ascending, flattish, rounded, occasionally notched, lobes,
which support each other, and differ in breadth from half an
inch to 2 or 3 inches. Their substance when moistened is
rather coriaceous, but soft and pulpy, besprinkled internally
with fine granulations, which though immersed in the sub-
stance, project so as to raise the cuticle into minute points,
that give a roughness to the surface. The plant before us re-
sembles in habit and mode of growth the Tremella Nostoc ,
/. 461, but seems essentially different, as having the generic
character of Ulva,
^emsinom /
wonvl svsftivuv
^uonhuh^ 10 zuonz
«3uo‘i3rm/n lo cJtei iiub fyis
jSSQqI bdt&ljj£li> MlXsillJ * Vui* i
4^$^ bS^.0 .^bwW „Ey(J , \ ;.. ;
2i£f
889'0’Uifl „lQ
-eanimoCI ‘h:
-jjB isfijo Wl
?8§noni£
>280$ t3V
-ad ti dm
raidt £ a^jsm oi
SI il ".aavfc* 1
5d3 lo doom dr
Fhano&ua <W
i
II j8E Ibw , K- ■
& ''i,a a„
*
•' « (4 ■ J s Dn* iv^ ! t8£/oaoi>noD ^adtei
dog srf j« 'llv„o.L,-, jf . -w|i a, « ,
u* -41 ^auiuim ai^uoii) xiauiw t8fioijjs{nfijn‘Q ana dtxw
omoq mania* oini afoito adi asm at gjs oe ioa[piq c9ari£ig
31 go mated Jafilq aiiT .aoj steoe adt at 8gand§not js avi§ isdt
iqUqVI »U$ntfWT adi riiwoi^ *io shorn ba.s jidsd ni galdaias
ll3n3$ drit gaiyad &£ KincJisfUh yfbiinaaaa some tud .*
lo latostada
\
••
[ 2194 ]
ULVA rupestris.
Broad Rock Laver.
CRYPTOGAMIA Algae.
Gen. Char. Frond membranous or gelatinous. Seeds
solitary, scattered throughout its substance, under
the cuticle.
Spec. Char. Frond leathery, depressed, very wide,
indeterminate, smooth and slippery, dull red.
This singular nondescript never came under my observation
but once, nor can I meet with any botanist who is acquainted
with it. The plate represents a small fragment of the frond,
which was 2 or 3 feet wide, and spread like a piece of very
wet leather, of a jagged indeterminate outline, over the nearly
upright face of a rock, bathed with a perpetual trickling rill,
at some distance above Tyloge bridge in the Ci new walk” in
Mr. Johnes’s grounds at Hafod, Cardiganshire ; as mentioned
in the Tour to Hafod, lately published, p. 15. It much re-
sembled in thickness and appearance, except in being of a
dull red or greenish-brown hue, a very wet skin of washed-
leather, but was far less tenacious, being with difficulty strip-
ped entire from the rock, though it did not seem fixed by any
evident roots. It dried well and speedily, adhering slightly
to paper, and shrinking considerably in width. The surface is
smooth on both sides. On being moistened now, at the di-
stance of 10 or 12 years, it recovers its original appearance,
and numerous granular dotted bodies are found under the cu-
ticle of the upper surface, imbedded amongst the internal
fibres. It is surely generically and specifically akin to U. mon -
tana in the preceding plate, but we presume it cannot be a
mere variety caused by situation.
[ 4612 ]
.anlaaqui AVJU
.•m»A -AaoJI bsmS
.^\k kmkoovm
.8U
bnii
biv/ ^97
•bsi Hub .
j/£5V198(fo lobnw 9
UnijBljpOB dX odw 381fl
iotI 9x1/ io iaawgEx
N Io 9D3iq £ bill 1:7-..
B9fi 3.d; 13VO 37; 777
i geibtanl IfiaJbqTdt;
w ilsw wan sds s,
loilnsra sb j ;
i douai ll .£i .q , L
to gnbcf
nhs w to
:tia
6' hoXL.
dgila gnix**?!!. " . • J Jnofor
- 3d; *£ .-.. ,-.; . ' . ‘
>asi&3qq£ Lzirfai-iC za y$ $$ t& o? Io
j adi isbrm hneol i
rreifii ad? agaocms
wt 13 ol oils ?;,v . -
cf ioaa&o tl ^mmz:
*<,i tn^Moiy hf/M
■km ,aonlt£is isq-qu od; to aJfeft
m& ^htus -ai IX .adidfr
yd -f9te[q §m'Jb908*p| ad* as s ml
noi&uiia yd b&BU$o '{fofo/w frascnt
r
■
'
'
/
[ 2195 ]
S A G I N A maritima.
Sea Pearlwort •
TETRANDRIA Tetragynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. 4-leaved. Petals 4. Capsule of
1 cell.
Spec. Char. Stems nearly upright, divaricated, smooth.
Leaves obtuse, without bristles. Petals obsolete.
Syn. Sagina maritima. Don Herb. Brit.fasc. 7. 1. 55.
W E originally received this plant from Mr. R. Brown, who
gathered it in 1799> at Bally-castle in Ireland, near the
Giant’s Causeway. Mr. G. Don sent the same from the
summit of Ben Nevis in 1803, and we find no difference be-
tween this and his S. maritima , gathered on various parts of
the Scottish coast. It is annual, flowering from May to
August.
The root is small and slender. Stems several, 2 to 4 inches
high, some of: them decumbent at the base, then ascending
or nearly upright, much branched, partly forked, and spread-
ing; they are round, smooth, leafy, frequently purplish.
Leaves opposite at each joint, clasping the stem with a pecu-
liarly white and conspicuous membranous edge. Their form
is short, thick and blunt, inclining to spatulate, often tipped
with a minute point, but no bristle, and the base is very
rarely slightly fringed. Flower-stalks axillary, lateral or ter-
minal, slender, erect, from half an inch to an inch long. Ca-
lyx of four broad-ovate, obtuse leaves, with a white membra-
nous edge. Petals minute, often altogether wanting. Stamens
observed by Mr. Don to be sometimes eight. Capsule of four
ovate valves, about the size and shape of the calyx.
The capsule of <S. apetala , t. 881, is twice as long as the
calyx, and the linear leaves, tipped with a bristle, as well as
the hairy stems, sufficiently mark that species. The present
agrees more in character with procumlenst t. 880, but differs
widely in habit, and is not procumbent nor perennial.
4 '/■' •J'llicr 'yl/jj’.
hid ?088 A fiJ
jMfiosiscj wn imdmmoiq
yi.^n 30j
>m gzzngs
ni vbbiw
'
'
'
■
[ 2196 ]
ROSA hibernica.
Irish Rose.
ICOSANDRIA Polygynia.
Gent. Char. Cal. urn-shaped, fleshy, contracted at
the orifice, terminating in 5 segments. Petals 5.
Seeds numerous, bristly, fixed to the inside of the
calyx.
Spec. Char. Fruit nearly globose, smooth, as well as
the flower-stalks. Prickles of the stem slightly
hooked. Leaflets elliptical, smooth, with hairy ribs.
Discovered many years ago in the county of Down, about
Belfast harbour, where it grows abundantly, by our often-
mentioned friend John Templeton, Esq., who consequently
found himself entitled to the reward of 50/. so liberally offered
by the patrons of botany at Dublin for the discovery of a new
Irish plant. We adopt the name by which Mr. Templeton
has communicated wild specimens to us, for the singularity
of the anecdote, and that we may not rob him or his country-
men of a particle of their honours. Otherwise we profess
ourselves totally adverse to geographical specific names, except
of the most comprehensive kinds, like borealis, europcea ,
americana , &c.
This is easily known from every described Rose with a glo-
bose germen, by the above characters. The fruit indeed is
slightly elongated upwards, so as to approach an ovate figure,
but is always round and broad at the base. The stem is 6 feet
high, upright, much branched and very prickly. Prickles
scattered, slightly hooked or deflexed. Leaflets broad-ovate
or roundish, smooth, their ribs and veins hairy at the back,
as in R . collina and scabriuscula , t . 1895, 1896* Flower-
stalks often solitary, often 2 or 3 together, smooth. Petals
pale blush-coloured. Styles distinct at the base. It is re-
markable for continuing in blossom from the early part of
June till the middle of November. The scarlet fruit distin-
guishes this species from every variety of R. spinosissitna ,
t . 187.
UIj
o
a:!:
IW ,
roods cnwoCIlo^
-tfo/io iuo yd tyli
(lumjp^aoo odw
byjyfto ylli}V3tii! oi
//da fi io viov
rjoJelqfn^T /i
(imlpgffis 9
■Ytfmioo
igyloiq
rqsoxa ,83m
^qonvs e
in aril io
aw»omsws>
si aidT
o(3
si rtii
3i bsybm .}
►siog 8:
tSsi & ui Hr,
stfsvo-bficm
t>l3iid tnil 1
wtswoFi o
gieJsSl
*3! c l j]
io mq
0a®Bi
rijoomg
»38£d
tlw ad
§!
,mSi&os
Blot io
' bo£
S riajio
I* Jariitetb ssIylS Awwoloo-muld ai'sq
raoii moaaofd m gaiunisnoo ml ald&ahfitri
-flidsib iitnl ia{i£oa adT aadmav oVl io aibbi’m adl Ilii onol
taptifegn^bro moil asioaqa aull esdaiug
,tai4
/
'
'
[ 2197 ]
FRAGARIA elatior.
Hautboy Strawberry .
ICOSANDRIA Polygynia.
Gen. Char. Cal . inferior, in 30 segments. Petals 5.
Receptacle of the seeds ovate, pulpy, deciduous.
Seeds smooth.
Spec. Char. Calyx of the fruit reflexed. Hairs of
the foot-stalks, and of all the flower-stalks, widely
spreading, somewhat deflexed.
Syn. Fragaria elatior. Ehrh. Beitr.fasc . 7. 23. JVilld .
Sp . PL v. 2. 1091 . Sm. in Rees’s Cyclop . v. 1 5, n. 4.
F. et fraga. Lob . 7c. v. 1. 697. Ger . em. 997 2.
F. major et minor. Fuchs, Hist . 853.
Gathered, certainly wild, in a wood on the west side of
Tring, Hertfordshire, by Mr. Dickson, Mr. Jackson and Mr.
Anderson; also in Charlton forest, Sussex, by Mr. W. Bor-
rer. Ours was an autumnal specimen, flowering in Septem-
ber. We have in vain tried to get wild fruit, which it seems
is rarely produced. Even in a garden indeed it is never plen-
tiful, owing to the plants being in effect dioecious, or having
imperfect stamens from one root, and abortive pistils from
another. — This Fragaria appears to have been confounded by
modern European botanists in general with the vesca, or
Common Wood Strawberry, *.^1524, but Ehrhart, paying
attention to the pubescence, distinguished them. It is a
larger plant, and essentially differs in having the hairs of the
partial flower-stalks widely spreading, or even deflexed ;
whereas in vesca they are erect, or generally close-pressed,
giving such stalks a silky or silvery aspect, while those of the
main stalks spread in both species. This difference the wood-
en cuts of the old authors plainly indicate. See the books
above cited, and Brunfelsius’s exquisite figure of F. vesca ,
v, 2. 35. Our t . 1524 unhappily is faulty in this respect,
from our not having then attended to the subject.
The fruit of F. elatior is the real Hautboy, of a dark livid
red, very round, and with a musky perfume, not the Caro-
lina or Chili Strawberry, vulgarly called Hautboy in London.
[ Y6
.loitefe AI/IAOAfl i *97-
lo s^IeH \ii_J "
Ho sbl8
c^M ta
-108^
-riafo/^
/
/
7 : 'T
no .i iuO .02
•£ nonu snivfirf
si ^ohiiaa !A io liml «
rfjiw bins t bn 007 m
jv <v7isdw£7j2 iliriO 1
/ wo/iaj&rfect
.
.
, .
'
t 2198 ]
BETULA alba.
Common Birch.
MONOECIA Tetrandria .
Gen. Char. Male, Cal. scale of a catkin , of 1 leaf,
S-flowered. Cor. none. Siam. 10 — 12. Female,
Cal. scale obscurely 3- cleft, 3-flowered. Cor. none.
Styles 2. Seeds compressed, winged.
Spec. Char. Leaves ovate, acute, somewhat deltoid,
unequally serrated, smoothish.
Syn. Betula alba. Linn. Sp. PI. 1393. Sm. FL
Brit. 1012. Willd. Sp. Pi. v. 4. 462. Buds. 416.
With. 206. Hull. 210. ed. 2. 281. Relh. 374.
Sihth. 64. Abbot. 207-
Betula. Rail Syn. 443. Ger. em. 1478.
13 B. pendula. Roth. Germ . v. 1. 405. v. 2. p . 2. 476.
B. verrucosa. Ehrh. Arb. 96.
ABUNDANT in mountainous woods, and one of the most
hardy of trees, thriving even in the driest sandy soil, and
never hurt by any cold of this climate. It flowers in April
and May, and rises to the height of a moderate tree. The
wood is hard, tough and white. Trunk clothed with a snow-
white bark or cuticle, of many paper-like layers, very conspi-
cuous amongst other trees ; cracked, rugged and dark when
old. Branches elongated and elegantly drooping; in the va-
riety 3 longer and warty. Leaves alternate, stalked, triangular
inclining to ovate, pointed, variously and unequally serrated,
smooth, except a slight downiness at the back, which is vari-
able. The young branches are also often downy. In autumn
the foliage at length assumes a full yellow colour. Catkins
drooping, the scales of the female ones deciduous.
We are convinced of the propriety of separating Alnus as
a genus. Its characters are properly given at t. 1508, and we
here reform those of Betula .
We have often studied the Birch, and its varieties in the
Welch woods, wishing if possible to find constant specific
marks for the weeping kind, which by Ehrhart’s specimens
looks distinct ; but the wartiness, as well as the downiness, of
the branches seemed variable, and each rather to indicate a
variety than a species. Mr. Sowerby finds 3 flowers to each
scale of the female catkin ; the Alnus has but two.
snaaxic
3i£oibni 01 id
f0£3 pi 273WOti
~$i ikikrf ,aAi
'
.
■
■
[ 2199 ]
ASPIDIUM irriguum#
Brook Shield-fern.
CRYPTOGAMIA Filices.
Gen. Char. Fructifications scattered, in roundish
dots, not marginal. Invo lucrum umbilicated,
bursting almost all round.
Spec. Char. Frond lanceolate, pinnate; leaflets deeply
pinnatifid, cut and sharply toothed. Stalk qua-
drangular. Involucrum lateral, short, jagged.
DISCOVERED by T. F. Forster, Esq., about the watery
margins of clear springs near Tunbridge wells. Our figure
was taken in June, 1810, from a living plant in his garden,
not at all changed by cultivation.
We can find no described fern, nor any exotic or British
specimen, that accords with this. Tt agrees in some points
with A. Thelypteris , ( Polypodium Tlielypieris , t. 1018,) but
is much smaller, more tender and delicate, neither has it a
creeping root. The main rib is exactly square, and of a deli-
cate transparent green when living, pale brown when dried.
Leaflets numerous, alternate, very deeply and copiously pin-
natifid, their segments ovate-oblong, sharply cut and toothed,
merely connected at the base by a sort of wing from the par-
tial rib. Dots of fructification several about the lower part of
each segment, small, round, brown, not reddish. Involucrum
short and oblong, or somewhat square, very delicate, whitish,
jagged or fringed at its edge, affixed laterally to the nerve of
each segment, and separating inwards. It is scarcely umbi-
licated, but rather more approaches to the nature of our
Cyalhea fragilis , t> 1587* and dentata , t. 1588; yet as there is
some doubt respecting even their genus, and the involucrum
of the present fern has nothing of a cup shape, we rather re-
fer it, like t . 2024, to Aspidium. It does not by any means
agree with the character of Bernhardi’s Cystopteris , Schrad.
New Journ. v. 1. fasc. 2. t. 2, founded on Cyathea fragilis .
*99
33\f
3HX
xrioB
ao
*& *32&l J ^ oim rot yya'pf
0(,tu^iahu^i,i/,nj
'Bwdo arfj si
I .
mr aofli !.vj:
'
•*>Z£d . !
•
ilO « .V,
1 - ■
-»‘iO70p ; iri
' iK ' •'!
;:r>- , ■ . ■
■
-
.) .! ■ ■ . ,
-iv/£ ,gnol,ifi il-'d ta , . ,, .....
: ■ —
[ 2200 ]
G YMNOSTOMUM aeruginosum.
Verdi grise Beardless-moss.
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char* Caps, without a fringe. Lid deciduous.
Veil separating entire from the base.
Spec. Char. Stem branched, tufted. Leaves awl-
shaped, keeled, entire. Capsule bell-shaped. Lid
obliquely beaked.
Syn. Gymnostomum Eeruginosum. Sm. FI. Brit. 1163.
Bryum fasdculatum. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 3. 3\ on
his own authority. Mr. Eagle.
The specimens described in FI. Brit, were gathered in
North Wales by Mr. Griffith, and constitute the tallest
tuft in our plate ; the lower tult, with the lid, was gathered
by Mr. Eagle, F.L.S., on a wet rock in the north-west corner
of Yorkshire, in August, 1806.
This moss Mr. Eagle assures us is certainly Mr. Dickson’s
Bryum fasdculatum , , which we have referred to Grimmia ver -
ticillata , t. 1258; but it is different from Gymnostomum cur -
virostrum of Hedwig and FI. Brit. 1164.
It grows in moist alpine spots, and is perennial, bearing
fruit in summer. The stems form dense tufts, various in
height, and are erect, branched, clothed all over with leaves,
which are permanent, imbricated, slightly spreading, incurved
by drying, awlshaped, or rather lanceolate, channelled, entire,
bright green with a verdigrise cast, and have a prominent rib.
Fruitstalks erect, capillary, nearly straight, pale brown. Cap-
sule upright, ovate, or rather bell-shaped, brown, shining,
certainly destitute of a fringe. Lid nearly half as long, awl-
shaped, bent obliquely, red at the base.
dn Uismwovi * 3V/
^0 sTWOKJ^Ut
fegninirife tiiwo7<l /;.
Ǥhoa g b lisa v
- ' •" ^3 37£ bflfi
•XHurnsq jiii rfotdw
'
J- -?r' ' • 'd'a a jug
? i i. |c y j!K;
5 lYbupddo mad ^q&da
; ). ? ]
'
• ■ r- ■ r -
*7 . : r>
•
* -
■
t
[ 2201 ]
GYMNOSTOMUM luteolum.
Yellowish Beardless-moss.
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps . without a fringe. Lid deciduous.
Veil separating entire from the base.
Spec. Char. Stem branched, tufted. Leaves lanceo-
late, concave, keeled. Capsule oblong. Lid he-
mispherical, pointless.
Syn. Gymnostomum luteolum. Sm. FI. Brit. 1163.
G. aestivum. Hedw. Sp. Muse . 32. t. 2.f. 4 7.
Sent by the Rev. H. Davies from Wales. Mr. Dickson,
Mr. Turner and Mr. Hooker assure us it is common on the
mountains of Scotland. It has been taken for the Lmnsean
Bryum aestivum , which is Dillenius’s t. 47« f* 36, referred in
FI. Brit, to G. cut virostrum ; hut Mr. Eagle, who has accu-
rately studied the subject, and who we hope will illustrate it,
thinks all the three are distinct.
The present is certainly distinct enough from our G. aru -
ginosum , t , 2200. The foliage is of a more yellow cast, though
not much differing in shape, but much more incurved and
twisted when dry. The fruitstalk was found by Mr. J. D.
Sowerby to have a very remarkable scaly sheath at its base,
like a Hypnum . The capsule is ovate and elongated, not bell-
shaped, of a pale brown. Lid essentially different, in being
merely convex, with a minute protuberance, like the boss of
a shield, not elongated or awlshaped.
' ’O fcattgoob-loa (blaulc t
'
y
A
/
.
■
I: ’ > - v . ,
.
• •• i . &
•
t • . f - -
17
• •
I
vn V i 1 .\ *’ ■' *
idl&l
r. ivu:u ■ ,*■ ; ■
lv) fit q-.lh .. b .*
i.o- b;:
,wn>8 *W
. /: S' 7/
:)■ -v ..
,<nii •: ■> Is •. . .
.
■ il
'
-
.
r ' * ' ' ' : •
{
.
*
[ 2203 ]
G R I M M I A erispula.
Lesser Curled Grimmia .
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Fringe simple, of 16 teeth, broadest at
their base. Flowers terminal. Veil cylindrical.
Spec. Char. Leaves lanceolate, with a long channelled
point, keeled ; incurved and crisped when dry.
Capsule elliptical. Lid awlshaped, oblique.
Syn. Grimmia erispula. Sm. FL Brit. 1192, Turn .
Muse. Hib. 28.
Weisia erispula. Hedw . Sp. Muse. 68. t. 12. f. 1 — 6.
FoUND in the black turfy chinks of rocks that are rather
moist. The Rev. H. Davies sent from Anglesea the specimens
described in FI. Brit, which are in an advanced state, deprived
of all their capsule-lids. Those in our plate were gathered
on Hamsil Forge rocks near Tunbridge, by Mr. W. Borrer.
Dr.W. Stokes is recorded by Mr. Turner as having detected this
moss by the cascade at Powerscourt, near Dublin. We have
never been so fortunate as to gather it.
The stems are branched, tufted, level-topped, various in
height, leafy. Leaves imbricated, of a bright yellowish green
when young, but, like other mosses that grow in w'et situations,
assuming a blackish tint afterwards; and yet when old and
withered they change again to a lighter brown, in which state
they are permanent on the lower part of the stems. Their form
is lanceolate, or almost ovate, at the base, extending upwards
into a long, channelled, acute, incurved point, with a strong
mid-rib, the edges entire. By drying they become still more
incurved and twisted. Fruitstalks about half an inch long,
slender, straight, yellowish; reddish below; sometimes turning
black at the top by age. Capsule small, exactly elliptical,
smooth, membranous, pale brown, somewhat inclining when
young, but afterwards erect, with a red narrow' mouth and
fringe, the former turning finally blacks Lid awlshaped, ob-
lique, about as long as the capsule.
A 1 if sf. I T
t
w «u‘\ x) b^W
m t#jbscndl ...
t
bsftafmrrh gnr .
«^"fb jrrjifw sq r>
.aopHd- rh
^rfj£ led
3fl3(TIIOf)|
bs'nifph
f)3r’ lh'.s '
.lorfoS 7
aid) b^> "
9V£ii *>W
0? ••
daT/i
hr? "Jo v;
Intd^
mioi uMii'I
.... .
jgncnfg 6 dj/w cr.:-
diofflilii* ditto of?’ i <, '>v
tgnof fi ■.■:■ ns " .
gnirnuJ 23«v'?v(Tu-
vjlofixs
n^rfvy grnad irn
bos diuoro v (i-
-4o ^b3q£do5W£ '£,1
g, inui ixtnot ad*
qsr> adi g£ gnoi as toods ^jupif
'
i
w&x ■ *ii ' o ■ - • i
.
.
• •
.
■ - v< rhv
■ * v
■ • . ; ibsav.'i.
’
■ . t.n&tx. ■: yd
'
' . ft *
[ 2204 ]
LICHEN Westringii.
Speckled Coral-crusted Lichen.
CRYPTOGAMIA Alga.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the
seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust tartareous, brownish, papillary,
uneven, orbicular with a thin flat edge ; internally
somewhat fibrous and branched. Tubercles minute,
dark brown, internally red, terminating the branches.
Syn. Lichen Westringii. Ach. Prod . 88. t. 2 2.
Isidium Westringii. Ach.Melh. 138. IVinch . v. 2.47.
SPECIMENS of this curious Lichen, exhibited in our plate,
were gathered on walls in the county of Durham by the Rev.
Mr. Harriman, and communicated to us by the Rev. G. R.
Leathes. it mostly grows on micaceous rocks, and, as Mr.
Turner assures us, has been found in Ireland. Dr. Acharius
named this species after his friend Westring, its first discoverer.
It differs from corallinus , t. 1541, in being not white, but
of a dingy brown, speckled, or scorched, appearance ; neither
is it so branchy or fibrous internally, being rather solid, with
a rugged or plaited surface in many parts, while in others cy-
lindrical knobs rise out of the crust, and in many the latter
consists of clustered branches like corallinus . The edge is
thin, close-pressed, spreading, sometimes limited by a black
line. Numerous little round convex tubercles, red or deep dull
orange internally, terminate the branches or knobs, and some-
times hardly rise above the crust.
We cannot well satisfy ourselves about the character of the
Acharian genus Isidium , which describes the disk of the tu-
bercles as a ball bearing seeds on both sides.
We believe Mr. Dickson's L . punctatus to be not this, -but
a nondescript Lecidea.
2204-
I9iJb
Aori} ■ £ vJ v
I'? st y- - ■■ v. '
'MGS bil£ .... . .1, . ...
■,. -v'-, £ :y-'t vffa rf&it j&titief
3ff. ^iO: >■ ' " - ./ ’
®t»l adi to - :.
-• 3’' iadito • - n-w&4
nidi %adi i: ... \i ... _ ?.,•■ . ; ; , w
‘
■
.
-
' .
il
;
i.j: f:". •
.
:>""i :L;. ‘ ■
.
■ )
.f- J
[ 2205 ]
CONFERVA thuioides.
Arbor-vita Conferva .
CR YP TO GAM I A Alga.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced within the substance of
the capillary or jointed frond, or in closed tubercles
united with it.
Spec. Char. Rose-coloured, repeatedly branched, very
slender and tufted. Joints cylindrical, with pellucid
partitions. Branches zigzag ; their lateral shoots
alternate, compound, with very short joints.
JVIr. W. BORRER, to whom we are obliged for this Con-
ferva, has found it on Yarmouth beach, several different years,
in September and October. — Mr. Turner is of opinion that it
was comprehended by Mr. Dillwvn under his idea of parasitica,
in his Synopsis , p. 87, from which being very distinct, it is
consequently a nondescript in that valuable catalogue.
It differs essentially from parasitica, t. 142Q, in not belong-
ing to the tribe we have so often noticed with compound or
aggregate joints, but on the contrary it has the simply tubular
structure of rosea , t. 966, to which last the present species is
most allied. The joints of the stem and main branches how-
ever, though variable, are usually longer, and the subdivisions
are far different from those of rosea. Along the main branches,
which are zigzag, run several beautiful alternate ones, in two
ranks, all about equal in length, twice or thrice compound,
consisting of regular, short, bead-like joints, each of which
is about as long as broad. We know nothing of the fructi-
fication.
23r OS.
-ilo-uni ?-.dj i ■- i\
W .biiwid tk gaol eh j\i >d£ n
<KHj
■
! ;
■
• ,:'2S> ’ JfJfl •: : ' .
-
’■
'
i
* •
• •
..... , !
■ or. .. .. ;; . .
■
.
[ 2206 ]
G A L I U M Witherinffii*
o
Rough Heath Bed-straw .
TETRANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cor . of one petal, flat, superior. Seeds 2,
roundish.
Spec. Char. Leaves about five in a whorl, widely
spreading, lanceolate, slightly awned, fringed with
bristles. Stem upright, slightly branched, rough.
Syn. Galium Witheringii. Sm. FL Brit. 174. Hull .
ed . 2. 44.
G. montanum. With . 187. t . 28 ; not of Linnaeus.
Dr. WITHERING found this Galium on high hut boggy
parts of Hands worth heath near Birmingham, and took it for
the Linnaean montanum , which being a very different plant, it
was thought right to commemorate the discoverer of the new
one in its specific name. We have indeed the same in Mr.
Rose’s herbarium, mistaken for uliginosum , but have never
gathered any ourselves. The Bishop of Carlisle favoured us
with specimens gathered last July in Bank Meadow, close to
his Lordship’s fine seat of Rose Castle, Cumberland. It grows
in a moist but rather barren spot, not smothered with high
grass, near Linum catharticum , small Agrostis vulgaris , and
some Potentilla anserina .
The stem, though upright, is weak, about a foot high, either
quite simple, or bearing a few lateral branches; its edges rough
with deflexed hooks* Leaves about 5 in a whorl, sometimes 6,
on the weak parts 4, widely spreading or deflexed, small,
elliptic-lanceolate, often tipped with a minute bristly point,
their edges fringed with short bristles or hooks pointing to-
wards the apex. Panicles small, terminal, 3-forked, their
stalks smooth except the main one. Buds purplish. Corolla
cream-coloured when expanded. Anthers at first of a pale
yellow green, but they directly turn red, reddish, or red brown.
Style short, cloven. Stigmas globular, green. Germen and
fruit smooth.
This completes our descriptions of the genus Galium , as far
as hitherto discovered in Britain; but Switzerland and France
afford several kinds which might be expected to grow with us,
and which perhaps have been overlooked, they being often
very similar to each other; and there are few genera whose
synonymy is more difficult.
2206.
CH>> h* w/> to*?'/ .
;:;li9va ii99a.: 3VBr| , eqjsjl y$q jdoirfw, bits
'■oiii bki£ {t 9fbo dofj9 ot ib f cm 18 vtoy
■'ijJiBih 9iom ei ymyaouv*
?nmmi
boa
lift
»C1:Jji 'jtlhi J
^<!Od -”-J A'15>H3y
.
-
‘
f
-
■
>
■ ' -v:-
[ 2207 ]
C I S T U S surrejanus.
Dotted-leaved Cist us.
POLYANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen . Char. Cal. of 5 leaves, 2 of which are smaller
than the rest. Petals 5. Caps, superior, angular,
with 3 valves and many seeds.
Spec. Char. Shrubby, procumbent, with pointed
stipulae. Leaves ovate-oblong, hairy and dotted
beneath. Petals lanceolate. Stamens not longer
than the germen.
Syn. Cistus surrejanus. Linn. Sp. PL 743. Sm. FI.
Brit. 51 5. With. 492. Hull. ed. 2. 160. Hill. FI.
Brit. t. 27. /. 1.
C. Helianthemuin $. Huds. 233.
Helianthenrum vulgare, petalis florum perangustis.
Dill, in Raii Syn. 341. Hart. Elth. 177. t. 145.
/. 174.
Mr. EDWARD DU BOTS discovered this curious species in
the neighbourhood of Croydon, Surrey, in the time ot Dil-
lenius, who first made it known to the botanical world in his
edition of Ray, and then in the Hoi tvs Elthamtnsis . We
know not where it is now to be met with wild, nor has it ever
been noticed in other countries. Our specimen grew in Mr.
Dickson’s garden at Croydon, flowering in July.
Though the plant never varies in consequence of culture,
some of the above circumstances might induce a suspicion of
its being only a variety of C. Helianthemuin , t. 1321 ; but the
leaves are larger, more inclined to a lanceolate than an ellip-
tical figure, paler but not at all hoary beneath. The under
surface bears a few stellated hairs, and is besprinkled with
little hollows, which on the upper side form prominences that
often bear 2 or 3 simple, not stellated, bristles. Flowers nu-
merous, in long, terminal, recurved, downy clusters; each
flower erect when in perfection. Calyx with red ribs. Petals
narrow, lanceolate, oblique, often toothed, acute, usually
rather longer than the calyx. Stamens scarcely longer than
the germen, not, as in C. Helianthemuin, equal to the petals.
IJIW bAJ:
tfidi 330fi>jrni
UfJ WAol'i
ioB3 < bTJtir.i
ibj3<J ,C(i >
[i^fiuau
jfidj i3T>ao)
li
' 7%^ 7 itiW/Ut/jArt/itr/ /■/», i
.
.
i < ;/
,
■
§Tii;(Jv;C*d} no l-d f .V,.. •; c;4 • . d;: //
i
[ 2208 ]
CISTUS tomentosus.
Downy Cistus.
POLYANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. of 5 leaves, 2 of which are smaller
than the rest. Petals 5. Caps . superior, angular,
with 3 valves and many seeds.
Spec. Char. Shrubby, procumbent, with pointed sti-
pulas. Leaves elliptic-oblong, white, and downy
with starry pubescence, beneath.
Syn. Cistus tomentosus. Scop. Cam. ed. 2. v. 1. 376.
t. 24.
I HIS Cistus has been communicated several times to us and
to others by Mr. G. Don from Scotland ; and Mr. Dickson,
who has likewise gathered it there, favoured us with a specimen,
from his garden last July. Every body contends that it is very
different from C. Heliantkemum , t. 1321, and indeed it proves
to be Scopoli’s tomentosus , of which we have an authentic spe-
cimen from that excellent botanist himself. Without such help
no person could have settled this point, his figure being very
bad, and his definition not so satisfactory as usual. Accord-
ingly, no writer has taken up this plant of Scopoli, and we
cannot but congratulate ourselves on being able to ascertain it.
Notwithstanding all the above, we are still at a loss for a
decisive specific character, nor does Scopoli indicate any thing
that holds good, even in his own specimen. The leaves, flower-
stalks and calyx are usually much more hoary and downy
than in Helianthemum , but cultivation impairs this. The
dense white clothing of the backs of the leaves consists of
starry pubescence, which is the case in that, though the rest
of its pubescence is simple. The flowers are large and hand-
some, with crumpled golden petals. The leaves on the young
axillary shoots are peculiarly round.
Z2oe
Hem?
^n^ob bn
sriT
lo fcjerpot -
3831 .(if tj ;
bflfi 8 >11
^■bnfcri buf.
gflUO'( 9(i3
.'■‘iqmia 8:< *'-.»'3ii9:)8t)diiq all
:> gjcorfc yusll
1
■
•
.
•
’
.
)
-
. ; : • / "• ;
.
*
;
.
»
v.'
[ 2209 ]
SCROPHULARIA Scorodohia*
Halm-leaved Figwort .
t)ID YNAMlA Angibspermid.
Gen. Char. Cal. 5-cleft* Cor . somewhat globose*
reversed. Caps . superior, 2-celled*
Spec. Char. Leaves heart-shaped, doubly serrated*
downy beneath. Cluster leafy.
Syn. Scrophularia Scorodonia. Linn. Sp. Pl. 864*
Sm. FI. Brit. 664. Buds. 275. With. 553 Hull,
ed. 2. 183* Dicks. H. Sicc.fasc. 15.9,
S. Scorodonias folio. Raii Syn** 283*
Jl irst remarked by Sherard at the sides of rivulets between
the port and St. Hilary, Jersey, and since by Mr. Edward
Lhwyd about St. Ives in Cornwall. In the latter station Hud-
son, Dickson and others have gathered this plant, which is
scarcely met with elsewhere in Britain. We have been obliged
to draw a garden specimen, which differs in no respect from
wild ones. It is perennial, and flowers in July and August.
The stems are 2 or 3 feet high, or more, square, leafy,
branched, covered with soft spreading hairs. Leaves stalked,
heart-shaped, various in size and length, acute, doubly ser-
rated, veiny, 3-nerved at the base as in S. nodosa, t. 1544,
clothed all over, but most abundantly at the back, with soft
downiness* Flowerstalks axillary and terminal, doubly forked ;
the upper ones alternate; all together constituting a terminal,
upright, leafy, downy cluster. Flowers paler than in most of
this genus. Calyx downy, obtuse. Capsule smooth, roundish
or ovate, pointed. Seeds numerous, angular.
This is scarcely to be seen but in curious botanic gardens,
having no beauty nor any other quality to recommend it to
general notice;
2
;
•
■
'
•
.
:
A
' ’ ■ ■
• ..
' *
■
v ■ ■
‘ • • ' •.
* • • . 5
-
[ 2210 ]
IIIERACIUM molle.
Soft-leaved Hawkweed.
SYNGENESIA Polygamia-cequalis.
Gen. Char. Recepl. nearly naked, dotted. Cal . im-
bricated, ovate. Down simple* sessile.
Spec. Char. Stem panicled, hollow, angular. Leaves
lanceolate, slightly toothed, hairy, clasping the stem;
lower ones stalked, more elliptical and obtuse.
Syn. Hieracium molle. Jacq. Austr. v. 2. 12. t. 119.
Dicks . Tr. of Linn . Soc. v. 2. 288. H. Sicc .
fasc. 11. 13* Sm. FL Brit . 832. With* 6 38.
Hull. eel. 2. 232.
IViR. DICKSON discovered this Hawkweed, which Linn&uS
never described, in woods in the south of Scotland, and we
are obliged to him for an authentic specimen, which agrees
with original ones of Jacquin in the Linnaean herbarium.
H. molle is perennial, and flowers in July. The whole
herb is clothed with scattered, short, soft hairs, which on the
flower-stalks are glandular and viscid. Stem about 18 inches
high, erect, unbranched, leafy, angular, hollow like that of
H. paludosum , t. 1094, panicled at the summit* Lower
leaves on long bordered stalks, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, distantly
toothed ; upper ones sessile, clasping the stem, more lanceo-
late, less blunt, and scarcely toothed at all. Flowers several*
erect, of a full yellow. Calyx clothed with glandular hairs
and some cottony down. Seed yellowish, striated. Down
rough.
2 2 iO.
-Urn
83Y£oJ ^£iujy(l£
; mate srh siiic&s'i
esuido hnjs
.
Mil B sm
,888 ;.
tniOf on*.
•M; ■ ' • ' ; / ■
r - r. ■ : ■ - , ' , ■ :
'
■' 1 ) • ■ • « ‘ . :Mo to . .a
. , ■■
I
.. , i r
~
■
■ :■ 1 ! ' .vi :p :■ ji ,•/;
[ 2211 ]
SEN EC 10 saraceniciis.
Broad-leaved Groundsel.
SYNGENESIA Polygamia-Superflua.
Gen. Char. Recept . naked. Down simple. Cal.
cylindrical, many-leaved, equal, scaly at the base \
scales dead at the tip.
Spec. Char. Radius spreading. Flowers corymbose.
Leaves lanceolate, serrated, nearly smooth.
Syn. Senecio saracenicus. Linn . Sp. Pl. 1221. Sm .
FI. Brit. 887. Buds. 367. With. 72 6. Hull,
ed. 2. 242. Jacq. Austr.v. 2. 52. t. 186.
Virga aurea maxima, radice repente. Rail Syn. 177.
Mr. JOHN WINDSOR, an assiduous young botanist, fa*
voured us with this wild specimen in July 1810 from the
neighbourhood of Settle, Yorkshire. The Rev. John Rudd,
F.L.S., of Preston, sent others in August from Brawsholme,
19 miles from the town last named. Mr. Okell has observed
the same near Chester, and we have gathered it long since in
a watery lane near Preston hall, between Kirkby Lonsdale and
fcendal. This is one of our rarest British plants. The specific
name alludes to its being used by the Saracens as a vulnerary.
Its qualities are astringent, with considerable acrimony*
The root is perennial and creeping. Stems annual, erect,
Straight, from 3 to 5 feet high, leafy, angular, scarcely branched,
smooth, or but slightly downy. Leaves alternate, sessile, lan-
ceolate or oblong, acute, a span long, more or less, with nu-
merous, sharp, tooth-like serratures. Flowers bright yellow,
in a large terminal corymbus, with narrow, lanceolate, pointed
bracteas, and rather downy stalks. Calyx also somewhat dow ny,
its supplementary scales lanceolate. Florets of the radius long
and somewhat elliptical, scarcely toothed at the end, with
longish claws, not numerous, revolute in decay only. Seeds
liearly, if not quite, smooth, with a rough ish down.
22JJ.
iSiniocMSi
nJiw
ihM%
.
• • ••• - L
.
.
,
■ i i - .
'■}
.
'
'
■ . '
-
[ 2212 ]
AMARANTHUS Blitum,
JVild Amaranth.
MONOECIA Pentandria.
Gen, Char, Male, Cal . of 3 or 5 leaves. Cor. none,
Stam. 3 or 5. Female, Cal. of 3 or 5 leaves. Cor .
none. Styles 3. Capsule of 1 cell, splitting all
round. Seed 1.
Spec. Char. Flowers three-cleft and triandrous, in
small lateral tufts. Leaves ovate. Stem diffuse.
Syn. Amaranthus Blitum, Linn. Sp. PI. 1405. Sm ,
FI. Brit. 1018. Huds. 418. JVith. 174. HulL
ed. 2. 279, Belli. 375.
Blitum rubrum minus. Dill, in Raii Syn. 157.
This dunghill plant is more frequent about London than
elsewhere. Mr. Dickson, to whom we are obliged for our
specimen, gathered it in the rich soil of Battersea fields. It
is annual, bearing its little inconspicuous blossoms in August,
and seeding plentifully in that month and the following.
The habit is rather that of an Atrlplex than of such of its
more specious congeners as decorate our gardens. The stems
however, which spread widely and almost horizontally, some-
times assume a purple tinge. The leaves are alternate, on long
stalks, ovate, entire, smooth, generally more or less pointed,
sometimes abrupt and emarginate, their edges only slightly
rough. Clusters axillary, leafy, each bearing a few small tufts
of sessile axillary green flowers, whose calyx is of but 3 leaves,
with a corresponding number of stamens in the males, and
often an abortive pistil. The female flowers have no signs of
stamens, but an ovate germen, with 3 recurved downy styles.
Capsule membranous, elliptical, crowned with the withered
styles, and when ripe bursting all round like that of the Plan-
tain, but containing only 1 lenticular shining seed, which be-
comes black when arrived at maturity. — Perhaps what are here
termed styles, after Linnaeus, are rather almost sessile stigmas*
2212
ida aamijsmo*
879)gjjID .rigooK
■ dIiS392 io
^aibaoqasnoo & xliiw
< ;>q svijio da n& ns/io
- s
iod rni&)
Sliw iofifd 890103
dS i " rfi
tOO.1
.
. ' , ' « - : . .
-
.
/
.
‘
n ■
,
'
■
■ - • • i
...
* ‘ ’ ■ ■ . . • ", , . : ‘ :
-v ' • • ' - . . . ;
. ;
- - ;
.1
[ 2213 ]
GYMNOSTOMUM osmundaceum,
Fern-leaved Beardless-moss .
CRYPTO GAM I A Musci.
Gen. Char, Caps . without a fringe. Lid deciduous.
Veil separating entire from the base.
Spec. Char. Stem perfectly simple, elongated ; naked
at the base. Leaves acute, two-ranked. Capsule
roundish. Lid pointless.
Syn. Gymnostomum osmundaceum, Hoffm, Germ .
v. 2. 28. Sm. FI. Brit . 1161.
G. pennatum. Hedw . Sp. Muse . 31. Crypto v. 1. 77,
t. 29.
Mnium osmundaceum, Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 1. 3. t . 1.
yi 4. //. Sicc.fasc . 12. 21.
Bryum pennatum. /FM. 821. /&//, 259.
Dicksonia pusilla. Ehrh. Crypt. 65f.
INI ONE of our British Mosses is more elegant, scarcely any,
so rare as the present, which has been found in Devonshire
only, by the Rev. Mr. Newberry, in the road from Zele to
South Tawton church, four miles from Okehampton. It ripens
fruit in the early part of summer, and is annual, or, according
to Hedwig, biennial. This distinguished author changed the
specific name given by Mr. Dickson, who first described the
plant; but Hoffmann properly restored it, and we gladly follow
him. Ehrhart dedicated it, as a genus, to Mr. Dickson, hut
we know not how he distinguished it from his own Pottia ,
hereafter described l. 2214.
The root consists of several capillary, often branched, fibres.
Stems in lax tufts, half an inch high, erect, simple, thread-
shaped, leafless in the lower part. Leaves lanceolate, acute,
entire, flat, ribless, vertical, spreading in two ranks, resembling
some kind of fern. Flowers terminal, dioecious, each sur-
rounded with several acute spreading leaves, which form a sort
of scaly sheath to the base of the fruitstalk. The capsule is
almost globular, erect, delicately shaped and reticulated. Lid,
according to Hedwig, very thin, slightly convex, pointless,
at length revolute and torn at the edges.
t9iU0£ ^9jjsi030fl£f 2 V.
§aifdttf3231 ?8>llT£l O '
-1118 lioJBS t80obf»rl ,
Jio? £ imoi doifr* . . .
si shisqjso sdT rA\ t,si
gbul ub3J£(uoij3l bi2ii
:t289ljflioq tX3yn03 y ( o •
; .tovaa dJiw bvhauor
3f!i 01 lii£;>ri3 ^feog 3o
-o . idmiofg j3omk
yv>v ^twboH oi gnibioooji;
io moj baa ^Sajiovn dtea$l s&
■
.
. *
.
' ' • : :'vU'> i .
.
.
, .... . • '
Hr*'
. .
'
. ■ .
[ 2214 ]
GYMNOSTOMUM curvirostrum.
Curve-beaked Beardless-moss.
CRYPTOGAM1A Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps . without a fringe. Lid deciduous.
Beil separating entire from the base.
Spec. Char. Stern branched, tufted. Leaves awl-
shaped, recurved, in interrupted clusters. Lid awl-
shaped, curved.
Syn. Gymnostomum curvirostrum. Hedw. Sp . Muse . 33.
Crypt . v. 2. 68. t. 24. Sm. FI. Brit. 1 164.
Bryum sestivum. Linn. Sp. PL 1585. With . 826.
Hull. 254.
B. palustre. Iiuds. ed. 1. 411.
B. palustre asstivum, confervas facie. Dill. Muse. 375.
t. 41. f. 36.
B. angustissimis foliis crebrioribus, capitulis erecti*
brevibus, pediculis e surculis novis et longis enas-
centibus. Dill, in Raii Syn. 99.
B. verticillatum. Dicks. H. Sicc.fasc. 5. 19.
Pottia curvirostra. Ehrh. Crypt. 93.
Doubts have been started by Mr. Eagle, at present deeply
intent on the subject of Mosses, and by whose labours we hope
hereafter to profit, whether the German moss, indicated by the
first and the last of the above synonyms, be not a distinct spe-
cies from that of Dillenius and Dickson, to which all the rest
belong. We would not anticipate our able friend’s discovery;
but to prevent error, however the point may be decided, we
exhibit at f. 1 Mr. Dickson’s Cumberland plant, and at f. 2
a German specimen of Ehrhart’s. Both grew on alpine wet
rocks, and are encrusted with white calcareous earth.
The stems are branched, an inch or two high, composing
dense tufts. Leaves alternate, crowded here and there into
clusters, awlshaped, recurved, keeled, single-ribbed, pointed,
entire or nearly so, light green, permanent, yellowish brown
when old. Fruitstalks from among the clusters of leaves,
whether lateral or terminal, erect, capillary, straightish. Cap-
sule upright, elliptical, abrupt, narrow-mouthed, red at top and
bottom, when old of a dark shining chesnut all over. Lid the
length of the capsule, awlshaped, obliquely curved.
'
-
■
i
■
'
,
. : . i - . : ’ / ; ' ; > ' .. ■
"
[ 2215 ]
GYMNOSTOMUM microstomum.
Small-mouthed Beardless-moss ,
CRYPTO GAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Caps , without a fringe. Lid deciduous.
Veil separating entire from the base.
Spec. Char. Stem nearly simple. Leaves awlshaped,
incurved by drying. Lid awlshaped. Capsule el-
liptical, much contracted at the mouth.
Syn. Gymnostomum microstomum. Hediv.Sp. Muse. 32.
Crypt, v. 3. 71. 30, B. Sm , FI, Brit. 1165.
Swartz, Muse, Suec, 21.
Bryum microstomum. Dicks, Crypt.fasc.4. 9.
Mr . DICKSON mentions this curious little moss as growing
in pastures. We have compared his native specimens with
ours sent by Dr. Swartz, and they precisely agree, as well as
with Hedwig’s figure and description ; but we are obliged to
take our drawing from some of Swedish growth, a measure
we think it our duty to acknowledge, though there is no un-
certainty nor ambiguity in the case.
This was supposed to be the smallest of its genus, but it
yields in that respect to some later discoveries. The roots are
perennial. Stems tufted, very short, for the most part quite
simple, but occasionally they are divided at the bottom. Leaves
dense, lightish green, awlshaped, or rather lanceolate when
wet, keeled, pointed, entire, broad at the base; when dry
curled inward. Fruitstalk taller than the stem, upright, capil-
lary, twisted when old and dry. Capsule erect, elliptical, very
small, dark brown, smooth, its mouth reddish, greatly con-
tracted. Lid awlshaped, oblique, shorter than the capsule.
We suspect the peculiar adhesion of the lid to the central
column, which is noticed in t. 1951, and some others of this
genus, chiefly, if not exclusively, belongs to species whose
capsule is dilated at the mouth. Do these circumstances in-
dicate any generic difference?
22J5,
V V H
b/uJ/hj/uwl /)yJ“Jrimtr6u-f,lr>djr>i .
'
. .
’<
'
'r •
[ 221 6 ]
GYMNOSTOMUM lapponicum.
Lapland Beardless-moss .
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char, Caps, without a fringe. Lid deciduous.
Veil separating entire from the base.
Spec. Char. Stem branched. Leaves linear-lanceo-
late, channelled, curled when dry. Capsule abrupt,
furrowed.
Syn. Gymnostomum lapponicum. Hedw . Crypt, v. 3.
10. t. 5, A. Sm. FI. Brit . 1167. Swartz. Muse.
Suec . 20.
Anictangium lapponicum. Hedw . Sp. Muse. 40.
Bryum lapponicum. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 4. 10.
S we approach so near to the end of our long labours, we
think it best to finish all the species of a genus together, if
possible. This then, with the three preceding plates, concludes
the British species of Gymnostomum , as far as they are de-
scribed. It was discovered on the alpine rocks of Scotland by
Mr. Dickson. Our specimen accompanied by a dark J unger •
mannia was gathered in Cwm Id well. North Wales, by Mr.
Griffith. The other, given us by Dr. Swartz, came from
Lapland. Professor Thunberg sent a similar one to Hedwig,
destitute, like ours, of a lid to the capsules, nor are we in-
formed of the season for gathering the plant in perfection.
The stems compose loose perennial tufts, about an inch
high, and are for the most part very much branched, leafy
throughout, and spreading. Leaves of a full green, imbricated,
linear-lanceolate, acute, beardless, keeled, single-ribbed, en-
tire; when dry incurved and crisped. Fruit-stalks terminal,
solitary, short, erect. Capsule erect, somewhat pear-shaped,
with a wide mouth, its sides marked with eight longitudinal
furrows and as many strong ribs. The colour of the fruit is a
bright bay. We find nothing of the tulip-like red and yellow
exhibited in Hedwig’s plate; so difficult is it to command ex-
actness in subordinate colourers !
■yfClJ±lfllo/ui/j&/i/iedi /tt/fr ‘>id/nierdyJ?ffudt/iL
'
'
.
'
'
'
[ 2217 ]
LICHEN viridescens.
Greenish Horny-tubercled Lichen .
CRYPT0GAM1A Algoc.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the-
seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust thin, mealy, indeterminate, scat-
tered, pale green. Tubercles numerous, convex,
rugged, brown, semitransparent; at length blackish.
Syn. Lichen viridescens. Sc/irad . Spicil. 88. AcJu
Prod. 50.
Lecidea viridescens. Acli. Metli. 62.
L. hypnophila. JVinch. v. 2. 37.
FOUND by Mr. D. Turner on Buxton church, Norfolk, as
well as on the ruins of Carrow abbey, near Norwich, and in
other places, being most vigorous and apparent in damp au-
tumnal weather.
The crust runs over the irregular surface of decayed Hypna ,
in the manner of L. muscorum , t. 626, and is consequently
scattered, friable, and indeterminate, of a mealy substance and
pale green dirty hue. The tubercles when young are flat, light
brown with a paler, but not elevated, edge, of their own sub-
stance. Afterwards they grow convex, more or less rugged,
darker coloured, but retain their original horny semitrans-
parency. Finally they become almost black, and in some
measure spherical. In their original colour and ultimate shape
they essentially differ from muscorum , t. 626, nor is their crust
so white. Mr. Turner observes that the young tubercles be-
tray an affinity to vernalis , t. 845, but they have no elevated
border, nor are they when full grown of so light a colour.
We have Mr. Borrer’s authority for the name of Schrader,
which was determined by a specimen from that author himself.
22±y
/
>
.
■ '
‘
v
*
•
•
[ 2218 ]
LICHEN ulmi.
E/m Lichen .
CR YP TO GAM I A AJgce.
Gen. Char. Male, scattered warts.
Female, smooth shields or tubercles, in which the
seeds are imbedded.
Spec. Char. Crust leprous, white, thin, uneven, con-
tinued. Shields numerous, sessile, concave, brown-
ish-salmon-coloured, with a thick, white, powdery,
crenate, inflexed border.
Syn. Lichen ulmi. Swartz. Nov. Act. Upsal. v . 4. 247.
Ach . Prod . 54.
L. pallidus. Hoffm. Enum. 50. t . 5.f. 2.
Patellaria rubra. Hoffm . Pl. Lick . 1. 81. t. 1*7. f. 2.
Parmelia rubra. Ach . Meth. 170.
Gathered by Mr. W. Borrer on the bark of old elms
near Greta bridge, Yorkshire.
This is an elegant species. The very white leprous crust is
continued widely over the bark, but though occasionally rugged
or granulated, is commonly very thin. Numerous, and some-
times crowded, shields are scattered over it, which are sessile,
with a very neat, thick, inflexed, crenate, somewhat powdery
border, of the substance of the crust, and a concave disk of a
brownish salmon-colour, turning a little darker by age. When
old the disk falls out, leaving the white border hollow like a
cup.
Fn our description of L. marmoreus , t. 739, we, like many
others, confounded this species with that. Having discovered
our error, we communicated it to Dr. Acharius, till then lying
under the same mistake, who has, with his usual candour,
corrected it in his Methodus , p. 1 70. Mr. Turner, on the au-
thority of a named specimen, suggests that our present plant
is Mr. Dickson’s marmoreus , but we are certain he compre-
hended the real one also, which is cupularisoi Hedwig, Crypt .
v, 2. 58. t. 20, B, and consequently of Acharius; Mr. Dick-
son’s cupularis being, according to Mr. Turner, L. Acharii,
figured in our t. 1087.
The white crust, place of growth, duller hue of the shields
and their pure white border, distinguish L. ulmi from mar-
moreuSy whose crust, when it can be detected, is of a dirty
green or grey, running over mosses and stones, its shields
redder, with a flesh-coloured wax-like border.
22JR.
jtw / /a<o/uM
■
.
. "■ '' : • ■
x
.
'
,
-
'
'
■
■
- (
>
[ 2219 ]
CONFERVA mirabilis.
Cohering Conferva .
CRYPTOGAMIA Algce.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced within the substance of
the capillary or jointed frond, or in closed tubercles
united with it.
Spec. Char. Pale olive. Filaments cylindrical, even,
cohering and divaricated as if branched. Joints ra-
ther broader than long.
Syn. Conferva mirabilis. Dillw. Conf. £.90. Syn. n. 14.
COLLECTED in Bantry bay, Ireland, by Miss Hutchins,
who sent it to Mr. Turner. Our specimens are parasitical on
other submarine plants, and rather olive than blueish green.
They consist of cylindrical even filaments, making dense tufts
half an inch high, remarkable for cohering here and there,
but without any interbranching, or communication of their
internal parts. After they have thus united, they immediately
divaricate, and then join other filaments, from which they
again spread as before. The joints are scarcely so long as
broad, and are quite even. Mr. J. D. Sowerby has discovered
an external, somewhat horny, coat or sheath, enveloping the
whole plant ; from which, when cut transversely, a pellucid,
pale reddish, more distinctly jointed, internal filament pro-
trudes gradually, and returns again in a few minutes. This
circumstance makes us waver respecting Mr. Dillwyn’s plant,
though verified to us by good authority, as it could hardly
have escaped that able observer. Another doubt arises from
his being a fresh- water species, and described of a blueish
green colour.
221 q
/
.
)
'
[ 2220 ]
CONFERVA tortuosa.
Curling Green Conferva .
CRYPTOGAMIA Algcz.
Gen. Char. Seeds produced within the substance of
the capillary or jointed frond, or in closed tubercles
united with it.
Spec. Char. Green. Filaments simple, capillary, even,
rather rigid,, curled, twisted and entangled. Joints
cylindrical, thrice as long as broad.
Syn. Conferva tortuosa. Dillw. Conf, t. 4 6. Syn. n . 29.
Mr . BORRER gathered our specimens in ditches near Sel-
sey, Sussex, and sent them in a fresh state.
The filaments grow in an entangled rather elastic mass, of
a deep green, and are as fine as human hair, considerably te-
nacious, even, remarkably curled and undulated, their joints
exactly cylindrical, at least three times as long as broad, the
partitions soon becoming pellucid, and the green matter within
each joint shrinking into the middle as they dry.
We are not quite sure that lateral branches are not occasion-
ally, though very rarely, sent off by the filaments ; but this is
foreign to the nature of the tribe to which C. tortuosa appears,
by all other signs, to belong. We leave it to future observers
to correct or to confirm our remark.
*
■
'
'
*
■
..
■
.. . . .... . -
[ 2221 ]
A V E N A fatua.
Wild Oat , or Haver .
TRIANDRIA Digynia .
Gen. Char. Cal . of 2 valves, containing several florets.
Outer valve of the corolla bearing a twisted awn
on its back.
Spec. Char. Panicle erect. Flowers drooping. Calyx
containing about three florets, which are hairy at the
lower part, all awned, and ribless.
Syn. Avena fatua. Linn . Sp . PL 1 18. Sm. FL Brit. 139.
Huds 52. With. 1 64. Hull . ed. 2. 34. Relh. 42.
Sibth. 49. Abbot. 24. Winch, v. 1. 12. Mart .
t. 81. Knapp, t. 93. Leers . 42. L 9. 4.
iEgilops quibusdam, aristis recurvis, seu Avena pilosa.
Rail Syn. 389.
A PERNICIOUS weed in corn fields, especially among bar-
ley, flowering in July or August.
Root annual, with downy, somewhat whorled, fibres. Stem
erect, simple, about a yard high, slightly leafy, very smooth.
Leaves linear, spreading, ribbed, rough, occasionally hairy
as well as their sheaths, which are thinner than the leaf’ itself,
and generally smooth. Stipula obtuse, toothed and jagged.
Panicle much branched, erect, the branches half whorled,
rough, spreading, partly divided, capillary and drooping near
the summit, but greatly thickened at the top. Flowers the
size of the cultivated Oat, with a large, green, ribbed, smooth,
nearly equal-valved calyx, rather longer than the florets, which
are about 3, hairy in the low^er part and around the scar of in-
sertion, which is obliquely placed, not transversely like A. sa -
tiva. The corolla is scarcely ribbed, sharp-pointed, with a
strong long awn from the middle of its outer valve, which,
like the corolla, turns dark brown, and the hairs tawny, as
the seed ripens. This awn is a celebrated hygrometer among
natural philosophers. That of the exotic A . stenlis is still
larger and more remarkable.
■
'
1 J
*
.
a X
.
■ '• ■ /; W ' \
\
'
'
[ 2222 ]
FRANKENIA pulverulenta.
Powdery Sea-Heath.
HEXANDRIA Monogynia.
Gen. Char. Cal. 5-cleft, funnel-shaped. Petals 5.
Stigmas 3. Caps, superior, of 1 cell and 3 valves.
Spec. Char. Leaves obovate, abrupt; downy and
somewhat powdery beneath.
Syn. Frankenia pulverulenta. Linn. Sp. Pi. 474. Sm.
FI. Brit. 388. Huds. 133. With. 352. Hull .
ed. 2. 101.
Alsine maritima supina, foliis chamassices. Dill, in
Raii Syn. 352.
Anthyllis valentina. Clus. Hist. v.2.\ 86. Ger . em. 566.
Ouadrifoglio annuo di Persia. Zanon . 1st. 164. t. 66.
Among the rarest of British plants is the Frankenia pulve-
rulenta, which Mr. Brewer is said to have found on the Sussex
coast in the time of Dillenius, and Hudson declares that he
himself gathered it between Bognor and Brighthelmston. Of
late years we have no certain account of its having been ob-
served the’.e, nor has it ever been seen elsewhere in Britain.
Our specimen came from Mr. Dickson’s garden at Croydon
last July.
Root annual, fibrous. Stems numerous, branched from the
very base, prostrate, repeatedly forked, divaricated, leafy,
round, downy, often reddish. Leaves opposite, somewhat
clustered, obovate, abrupt or emarginate, entire, keeled,
slightly revolute; smooth and green above ; whitish, downy
and hoary as if powdery beneath. Flowers axillary and termi-
nal, solitary, sessile. Calyx prismatic, with red ribs, smooth.
Petals pale pink.
This species is not uncommon on the shores of the Medi-
terranean or Archipelago.
- - "•(MMi
■
'
■
-
’
■
C
.
[ 2223 ]
ATRIPLEX erecta.
Upright Spear-leaved Or ache.
POLYGAMIA Monoecia.
Gen. Char. Hermaphr. Cal. in 5 divisions,
inferior. Cor. none. Stam. 5. Style cloven.
Seed 1, depressed. Female, Cal. 2-leaved. Cor.
none. Style cloven. Seed 1, compressed.
Spec. Char. Stem herbaceous, erect. Leaves ovato-
lanceolate ; the lower ones sinuated. Calyx of the
fruit all over muricated.
Syn. Atriplex erecta. Huds. ed. 1. 376. Sm. FI.
Brit. 1093. Hull . ed. 2. 307.
A. patula /3. Huds. ed. 2. 444.
A. angustifolia laciniata. Dill, in Ran Syn. 152.
It is strange that no recent botanist has found this plant.
The late Professor Martyn sen. is said to have gathered it on
the entrance into Battersea field from Nine Elms, a place since
much changed by cultivation and improvement, which we
have examined in vain. We are theretore obliged to have re-
course to a dried specimen in Mr. Rose’s herbarium, named
under the inspection ol Mr. Hudson, who at first rightly de-
fined this species, though he afterwards very mistakenly referred
it to his patida , our angustifolia , t. 1774, as a variety.
It is known by its upright stem, which is much branched
and panicled in the upper part, and ^specially by the very
abundant and crowded fruit, only one third as large as that of
angustifolia , and all over strongly armed with prominent tu-
bercles. The leaves are stalked, ovato-lanceolate and acute
when young powdery at their backs ; the lower ones somewhat
toothed and sinuated.
We trust our figure and description may lead some botanist,
not exclusively devoted to the more ornamental plants, to de-
tect and ascertain this long neglected weed.
2??-3
'
)
? •: • ... . : V: ; "i
.
:
. ' ' i.
'
* 1 •' i
■
-r. %•'. ;,'Uv *;i* 9] n.
..
’
'
■
V
[ 2224 ]
POLY PODIUM Phegopteris.
Pale Mountain Polypody.
CRYPTOGAM1A Filices.
Gen. Char. Fructifications scattered, in roundish dots,
not marginal, lnvo lucrum none.
Spec. Char. Frond pinnated: leaflets lanceolate,
pointed,, pinnatifid, united at their base ; the lower
pair reflexed.
Syn. Polypodium Phegopteris. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1550.
Sm. FI. Brit. 1116. Huds. 456. With. 77 5.
Hull. 238. Lightf.66 9. Winch, v. 1. 95. Bolt.
Fil. 36. t. 20. Ehrh. Crypt. 131.
P. n. 1698. Hall. Hist. v. 3. 12.
Filix minor britannica, pediculo pallidiore, alis inferi-
oribus deorsum spectantibus. Dill, in Rail Syn. 1 22.
STONY rather moist places, on mountains in the south of
Scotland and north of England, produce this delicate fern ;
but it is certainly not, as its Greek specific name imports, a
native of our Beech woods, at least not of those of the mid-
land counties. We have gathered it in Westmoreland, not
only in the shade, but sometimes on open stony moors, where
it cannot fail to attract the notice of a botanist by its* upright
position, pale delicate aspect, whitish stalk, and especially the
dependent posture of the two lowermost leaflets or wings.
Very rarely it grows in considerable patches, more frequently
scattered, having a creeping root. Each plant is about a foot,
or more, in height, with a very long, slender, naked, smooth,
brittle stalk. Principal pinnatifid leaflets about ten pair, not
exactly opposite, though sessile and slightly united at their
base, and yet not decurrent. They join about as many simple,
gradually shorter, and finally entire ones, above them, sur-
mounted by a taper point. All are fringed and besprinkled
with pale soft hairs on both sides, which are often clustered,
somewhat stellate, on the rib at the back. The capsules form
little round naked yellowish dots, about the lower part of the
edges of the segments.
Jr??nag93 3i
CZee / WM/ut/Mts/teeffyfl d<Jo-wtdy~Zoti//ur: .
f.
■ .
•
■
.
.
[ 2225 ]
GRIM MI A? Forsteri.
Forsterian Grimmia .
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Fringe simple, of 16 teeth, broadest at
their base. Flowers terminal. Veil cylindrical.
Spec. Char. Leaves ovate, concave, pointless. Cap-
sule ovate-oblong, erect. Lid awlshaped, curved.
Syn. Grimmia? Forsteri. Sm. FL Brit . 1196.
Bryum Forsteri. Dicks . Crypt, fasc. 3. 4. t. 7. f. 8.
All the known specimens of this moss were taken by Mr.
T. F. Forster from the trunks of felled trees at Walthamstow,
nor has it been seen in such a state as to ascertain any thing
precise respecting its genus. We strongly suspect it may not
prove different from Milium conoideum , t . 1239, with which
the singular reticulations of the leaves, and the furrows of the
fruit, agree ; but the very poor specimens of each which we
possess, will not admit of absolute decision. In this state of
things we feel bound to furnish all the information we can,
however incomplete, that others may judge.
The stems form little tufts, of a very humble stature.
Leaves of a dullish green, ovate, concave, entire, with a strong
central rib, pointed, but not tipped with any hair or bristle;
the base somewhat elongated. The substance of the leaf is all
over finely dotted, rather than reticulated, just as in Mnium ,
see t. 1238, 1239. Fruitstalk half an inch high, yellowish,
twisted. Capsule ovate-oblong, erect, green and unripe in
our specimen, strongly furrowed longitudinally. Lid awl-
shaped, curved, pale, nearly as long as the capsule. Nothing
is known concerning the fringe or veil.
From the young state of the capsule, its real shape cannot
exactly be determined ; but its furrows are visible enough, and
do not appear to be owing, as wTe once thought, to mere con-
traction in drying, being exactly parallel and very regular, as
the generic character of Mnium requires.
z2za
■ '»■} r;;. a
.
■
'
;
1
.
[ 2226 ]
GRIMMIA alpicola,
Beardless Alpine Grimmia *
CRYPTO GA MIA Musci.
Gen. Char. Fringe simple, of 16 teeth, broadest at
their base. Flowers terminal. Veil cylindrical.
Spec. Char. Leaves ovato-lanceolate, blunt, pointless.
Capsule cup-shaped, on a very short stalk. Fringe
mostly imperforate. Lid oblique.
Syn. Grimmia alpicola. Swartz. Muse . Suec. 27 & 81.
t.\. f. 1. Sm. FI, Brit. 1 199. Hedw. Sp. Muse. 77.
t . 15. f 1—5. Turn. Muse. Hit. 22.
NATIVE of rocks and stones in alpine rivulets. The late
Dr. Scott found it on the mountains of Ireland. We are
obliged to Mr. Turner and to Dr. Swartz for authentic Irish
and Swedish specimens.
This is most akin to G. apocarpa , t. 1 131, hut very distinct*
The stems are about an inch high, a little branched, tufted.
Leaves imbricated,* ovato-lanceolate, concave, keeled, single-
ribbed, entire, in drying somewhat revolute; their points
bluntish, without any hair or bristle, never incurved, their
colour the dark black green of most aquatic mosses. Capsules
nearly sessile among the uppermost leaves, solitary, erect, of
a short ovate or cup-like shape, especially those from Sweden,
whose mouths, whether from great pressure in drying or other-
wise, are rather wider than the Irish ones. They are all very
smooth, . of a rusty hue, with a reddish or dark edge. Teeth
of the fringe deep red, spreading when ripe, some of them,
according to Dr. Swartz’s observation, having now and then
a perforation or two, in some measure like the very curious
G.crilrosa , Hedw . Crypt, v. 3. t. 31, A, whose teeth are all
over pierced, and whose upper leaves are hair-pointed. The
lid, wanting in our specimens, is described as red, with an
oblique beak.
>iqfB All
1:i3 3 ft S CI \ \
{■% l..r: . :
■
.
-
i m h; , • . ^
.
[ 2227 ]
D I C R A N U M Starkii*
Starkian Fork-moss .
CRYPTOGAMIA Musci.
Gen-. Char. Caps . oblong.- Fringe of 16 flat, cloven
teeth, a little inflexed.
Spec. Char. Stem somewhat branched. Leaves awl-
shaped, curved one way, single-nerved, entire;
ovate and sheathing at the base. Capsule obovato-cy-
lindrical, drooping, with a little swelling beneath it.
Lid as long as the capsule.
Syn. Dicranum Starkii. Web. & Mohr . Crypt. Germ .
v. 1. 189. n. 27.
DISCOVERED on the alpine rocks of Ben Lawers, by Mr*
G. Don, who sent us this only specimen, wrhich we have care-
fully compared with one of Weber and Mohr’s in Mr. Turner’s
possession. Their moss was found in rather alpine parts of
Silesia, by the Rev. Mr. Starke, a distinguished cryptogamist ;
and they consider as the same Schleicher’s D. curvifolium ;
Cent. 4. n . 14.
In our vol. 28. p. 1989* D. longifolium is said to have been
found in Scotland by Mr. G. Don, but it proves only Mr.
Dickson’s Bryum longifolium, our D.falcatum. The present
moss was since sent us by our indefatigable correspondent, as
perhaps real longifolium. It comes indeed near that species,
agreeing with it in size, but its leaves are not so long nor so ca-
pillary ; they have moreover a central nerve, and there is a
swelling, or struma , at the base of the capsule. It differs
from falcatum , t. 1989, in its much greater size, and its more
elongated and cylindrical capsule, contracted, not dilated, at
the mouth. The lid also is longer in proportion and more
slender. We suspect that some great museologists may have
confounded this with the real longifolium .
^eciimo hiJi/ui/J. /m yV
'
.
.
1
'
■
■
[ 2228 ]
JUNGERMANNIA spinulosa,
Prickly-leaved Jungermannia .
CR YPTO GAM I A Hepatic#.
Gen. Char. Male flowers sessile.
Capsule on a stalk rising from a sheath, of 4 valves.
Seeds attached to elastic filaments.
Spec. Char. Stems branched, erect. Leaves rather
distant, in two rows, without auricles, obovate, ob-
lique, sharply toothed. Fruitstalks lateral.
Syn. Jungermannia spinulosa. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 2. 14.
With . 874. Hull. 278.
Lichenastrum ramosius, foliis trifidis. Dill. Muse. 489.
t. 70. /. 15.
DlLLENIUS found this on Snowdon, and Mr. Dickson in
the Highlands of Scotland. Mr. Griffith also has met with it
on the Welch hills. Nevertheless the fructification has escaped
all these acute observers. Mr. Hooker has collected in Scot-
land, and Miss Hutchins in Ireland, what the former believes
to involve the female fructification. These are lateral ovate
buds, composed of two or three of the ordinary leaves folded
together, in which neither a proper sheath, nor any capsule
nor fruitstalk has been found. Most of them on the contrary
are empty, but in some we have discovered an apparent tuft
of several young tube-like styles, or young calyptrce, like those
proper to this genus in common with mosses. Whether these
be such or not, if the appearance and disposition of these ovate
buds be considered, there can be little doubt of the truth of
Mr. Hooker’s opinion.
This species ought to range next to J. asplenioides , t. 1788,
from which it differs in its upright stems, and more distant
leaves, whose teeth are much fewer, considerably larger, and
more unequal. The fruitstalks moreover appear to be lateral,
not terminal, and the colour of the plant, in our specimens,
is more pale and dull.
Z2.2&
.... '
\ i , 1
• •
[ 2229 ]
JUNGERMANNIA concinnata,
Jivaided Jungermannia .
CRYPTOGAMIA Hepciticce,
Gen, Char. Male flowers sessile.
Capsule on a stalk rising from a sheath, of 4 valves.
Seeds attached to elastic filaments.
Spec. Char. Stems quadrangular, branched. Leaves
in two rows, closely imbricated, elliptical, concave,
cloven ; the terminal pair largest, concealing the
sheath.
Svn. Jungermannia concinnata. Lightf.'ISQ. Huds.65 1.
With. 881. Hull . 281.
COMMUNICATED by Mr. Hooker from Scotland, where
Ligbtfoot first observed it to be frequent on the Highland rocks.
The stems form close tufts, about half an inch high, and
are nearly upright, divided at the base ) their branches bluntly
quadrangular, swelling upwards, entirely covered with nume-
rous, two-ranked, closely imbricated leaves, which are of a
dull green, mostly tinged with brownish red, of a broadly el-
liptical concave figure, entire at the edges, but cloven with a
sharp notch at the top. The upper pair are much the largest,
enfolding each other, but rather inflated, concealing the sheath,
which is very minute. The marginal part of all the leaves is,
to a considerable extent, white and pellucid. The fruitstalk
is scarcely two lines long, white and tender. Capsule of four
elliptical black valves.
J.julacea , to which this has been compared, has its leaves
imbricated in every direction.
■
• •
,
■
' 1
'■ .... ... .
'
'■ . .
.
'Of; // j .. .
'
[ 2230 ]
J UNGERM ANN I A pumila.
Dwarf Simple Jun germ annia.
CRYPTOGAMIA Hepatic co.
Gen. Char. Male flowers sessile.
Capsule on a stalk rising from a sheath, of 4 valves.
Seeds attached to elastic filaments.
Spec. Char. Stems simple, short, ascending. Leaves
in two rows, curved to one side, roundish-oblong,
entire, undivided. Sheath cylindrical, sharply toothed.
Syn. J. pumila. With. 883. t. 18. f. 4. Hull . 281.
Mr . GRIFFITH first discovered this species in Cwm Idwell,
North Wales. Miss Hutchins sent our specimens from Ire-
land to Mr. Hooker, who kindly gave them to us.
The stems grow either loosely scattered oyer the ground, or
slightly matted together, each about a quarter of an inch high,
simple, creeping at the base, ascending and swelling upwards.
The leaves are of a dull brownish green, imbricated in a row
at each side of the stem, but both rows curved upward. Each
leaf is roundish, slightly concave, undivided and entire, ribless,
a little elongated at the base, destitute of auricles or appen-
dages. Sheath terminal, solitary, longer than the leaves, often
brownish, cylindrical; rather contracted, with sharp unequal
teeth, at the orifice. Fruitstalk tall. Capsule with dark-brown
elliptical valves.
This species diffuses a delightfully fragrant scent, whether
in a moist or dry state.
2230
.
'
t
V.' ‘ \
T / ( ,
■ - .
.1 f ■. .. , ■ ■ . . . .
.
:>[ - >TI ,'|I /! 7 '-A'. '
-i -.V.'V:'! Al fl* •
. : i 3
i ol f -)CD v:: ' -
i/trlmm l: >.S , • . ‘ . . . . . ■
'
/
.
■ . 1
*
• : . i
' •
■
• ' •
[ 2231 ]
JUNGERMANNIA minuta.
Minute Auricled J ungermannia .
CRYPTOGAMIA Hepatic#.
Gen. Char. Male flowers sessile.
Capsule on a stalk rising from a sheath, of 4 valves. •
Seeds attached to elastic filaments.
Spec. Char. Stems erect, branched. Leaves two-
ranked, alternate, roundish, acute, with a folded
acute side-lobe.
Syn. Jungermannia minuta. Dicks. Crypt, fasc. 2. 13.
With. 374. Hull . 280.
Lichenastrum pinnulis minutissimis rotundis. Dill .
Muse. 481. U 69. /. 2.
COLLECTED in the Highlands of Scotland by Mr. Hooker,
but neither he nor any one else has yet met with the fructifi-
cation.
The slender wiry stems grow upright, among moss, to the
height of an inch or two, and soon become branched. They
are leafy throughout, except at the very base, and somewhat
wavy and spreading. The leaves are extremely minute, uni-
form, dull green, spreading in two ranks, alternate, oblique,
acute, rounded at the upper edge, furnished at the lower with
an acute entire auricle, or side-lobe, folded in towards the
leaf.
We have ventured to suggest the propriety of terming the
larger half of the leaf in these auricled species in Latin lobus,
and the smaller one, or auricle, lobulus ; in English perhaps
leaf and side-lobe may be most intelligible. These parts have
not hitherto been well understood or defined by authors.
9.231
fijn nit. Ml nd ly fi*< fii'/fii/firru/m.
.... V. .■ .
.
/
'
-
'
-
[ 2232 ]
JUNGERMANNIA radicans.
Three-toothed Rooty Jungermannia,
CRYPTOGAMIA Hepatic ce.
Gen. Char. Male flowers sessile.
Capsule on a stalk rising from a sheath, of 4 valves.
Seeds attached to elastic filaments.
Spec. Char. Stem trailing, branched, pinnate, smooth,
with long, scaly radicles. Leaves two-ranked, im-
bricated; contracted and three-toothed at their ends.
Stipulas solitary, rounded, toothed.
Syn. Jungermannia radicans. Hoffm, Germ , v. 2. 87.
J. trilobata. Ehrh. Crypt , 48. IVeb, Goett . 143.
J. n. 1866. Hall . Hist, v. 3. 59.
Muscoides terrestre repens, ex obscuro virescens, foliis
superioribus et inferioribus ad extremitatem dentatis.
Mich, Gen, 10. I, 6, f, 2.
Hoffmann alone seems to have been aware of this not
being the true J, trilolata of Linnaeus, with which it has been
otherwise universally confounded, but which is a smaller
plant, with downy stems, destitute of the long scaly shoots
or radicles so remarkable in ours ; neither are its leaves imbri-
cated, but parallel, nearly square, with three or four strong
teeth or lobes at the outer edge, or extremity. We cannot de-
tect its stipulas described byDillenius.
Our plant, gathered by Mr Hooker at Tunbridge, and Miss
Hutchins in Ireland, has stems three or four inches long, creep-
ing, repeatedly branched, smooth, throwing out long simple
cylindrical scaly shoots or radicles, and pinnated throughout
with light bright green leaves, spreading in two directions, of
an unequally ovate oblique form, their rounded, dilated, fore-
most edges imbricated over the leaf beyond them, their points
contracted, abrupt, notched with three, rarely four, little
sharp teeth. Betwixt each pair of leaves, on the under side
of the stem, is one small, round, or somewhat kidney-shaped,
crenate, close-pressed stipula. We have never seen any fruc-
tification. Haller says it grows on the extreme branches.
J. trilolata of the Linnaean herbarium is Dillenius’s t, 71>
f, 22, who having never found the fructification of his plant,
copies as such that of a different species from Micheli, t, 5,
J, 10, and has thus misled Linnaeus and others*
2232.
>- ;? f; y r
■i f W?-
tiifi
efei.’.-
.
vfojijfn
■Iftr < v:» - .
;,^3b ;:i;" n ' ^ • . .
^ Sv-:.'!«Xi-9Vii* . - ,,~-
tl &*bb,0,%
- ' ' r- . r- V tsV.i .
. ' p\ r: iSWft-iwi . :
' 1“. V.' - v .'. . . . ~ii, 'r.vV,,;7., v -••'£, .
■ ...
-i~ ■***<: :•.
; ..; ^ r ~ -*"■'■ ■■ ■ 1 h ■ < v » *»# ■■ > •,..
. -f^r” < ... ST r
<} • ; :.••** r."L - w6*h W
INDEX
OF THE ENGLISH NAMES
IN VOL. XXXI.
Amaranth, wild — 2212
Andrasa, black mountain — 2162
Beardless-moss, curve-beaked 2214
, fern-leaved — 2213
-, Lapland — 2216
, small-mouthed 2215
— , star-topped — 2202
— 2200
— 2201
— 2206
— 2173
— 2198
_ 2187
— 2168
— 2188
— 2184
— 2185
— 2207
— 2208
— 2205
_ 2219
— 2220
_ 2192
_ 2171
_ 2172
— 2177
— 2161
Extinguisher-moss, spiral-fruited 2163
Feather-moss, glass-wort — 2189
Figwort, balm- leaved — 2209
Fork-moss, broad-leaved ■ — 2167
. oval — — 2165
, Starkian ■ — — 2227
, white — - — 2166
Fringe-moss, little rigid — 2178
Fucus, beard-like — — 2170
— , granulated — — 2169
— — , verdigrise
— — , yellowish
Bed-straw, rough heath
, warty-fruited
Birch, common —
Bristle-moss, common
, river —
Butterwort, large-flowered.
Carex, pale — — ■
Cistus, dotted-leaved — ■
■ , downy —
Conferva, arbor vitte —
— ■ cohering — ■
, curling green
■ , green cluster
, plush
, tufted olive —
Ear til-moss, awl-leaved
Elm, cork-barked —
Tab.
Fucus, needle-branched - — 2190
, pouch — — — 2183
, red capillary — — 2191
Grimmia, beardless alpine — 2226
— — , Forsterian — — 2225
— - — , lesser curled — 2203
, splachnoid — — 2164
Groundsel, broad-leaved — 2211
Haver — — - — — 2221
Hawkweed, soft-leaved — 2210
Jungermannia, braided — 2229
— , dwarf simple — 2230
, minute auricled 2231
1 prickly-leaved 2228
,three-toothedrooty2232
Laver, broad rock — — 2194
— --, red mountain — — 2193
Lepraria, verdigrise — ■ — 2182
Lichen, elegant orange — 2181
Elm — — — 2218
— — — greenish horny-tubercled 2217
— , olive-coloured — 2180
• , speckled coral-crusted 2204
Marigold, creeping marsh — 2175
Oat, wild — — — 2221
Orache, upright spear-leaved — 2223
Pearl- wort, sea — — 2195
Polypody, pale mountain — 2224
Rose, Irish — — — • 2196
Rush, slender spreading — 2174
Screw-moss, fallacious — — 2179
Sea heath, powdery — — 2222
Shield fern, brook — — 2199
Strawberry, hautboy — — 2197
Turnip, common — - — 2176
Willow, thin-leaved — — 218S
Mr
myy • .
vow -
5>iyy
ro.I.,r ■
mi:
mu*
4*Jj * v r— ‘
Q&rJ *tw
V:}-,*' —
ftr :■ V
f>H f
: '
,,,
■
mn
«?•(* —
~-v
iifes •
tits *
*US?fi —
mi —
481$ ~~
tfdJS ~
OTIS —
me -
ittifc ~
■fcte .—
eg is —
:l$i$ —
vm *~
$m -
&T.U ™
S&fS — ■
<bss —
riaVii 1/ >lTA ' ! F / •
/ • . ^ ,rp6c < ioy ■ r
Ji.T
-: ' tfJ&tjfife&WW.
i 1 1 1 1 : • .' 'i
. ' J . -
<•- ..--yi -
i ■ ? * .i n* - ;
i.»* * jv ' ;'• —
.- feimvi
: . .
e-^lk-l - - . ...
B* ' ■■ - •
r
s2b'- : m ... • • *
. .'■
*64 - •
— . . .-e-iiti .' ([V'-V f ' ’.
s> 5 ; • ■*;
jS*
•* 'eiixcjtsssju’a
na&^sviio
♦sbjoiwt;
«<ni9 iair»A
tt£ 3* XllfiS
>:A
i, ^k>|
~ 4
8J.SS ;-:• -to:>.ranvO
00 • - -
SYSTEMATICAL INDEX
TO
VOL. XXXI.
Diandria.
PlNGUICULA grandiflora — 2184
Triandria.
Avena fatua —
— 2221
Tetrandria.
Galium Witheringii ■ —
— 2206
— verrucosum —
— 2173
Sagina maritima —
— 2195
Pentandria.
Ulmus suberosa — ■
— 2161
Hexandria.
Juncus gracilis —
— 2174
Frankenia pulverulenta
— 2222
Icosandria.
Rosa hibernica —
— 2196
Fragaria elatior —
— 2197
Polyandria .
Cistus surrejanus — >
— 2207
tomentosus —
— 2208
Caltha radicans —
— 2175
Didynamia.
Scrophularia Scorodonia
— 2209
Tetradynamia.
Brassica Rapa —
— 2176
Syngenesia.
Hieracium molle —
— 2210
Senecio saracenicus —
— 2211
Moncecia.
Carex pallescens —
— 2185
Betula alba — — -
— 2198
Amaranthus Blitum —
— 2212
Dicecia.
Salix tenuifolia
— 2186
Atriplex erecta —
— 2223
Cryptogaviia.
Polypodium Phegopteris
— 2224
Aspidium irriguum —
— 2199
Phascum subulatum — -
— 2177
Gymnostomum osmundaceum 2213
ssruginosum — 2200
Gymnostomum luteolum
curvirostrum
Tab.
— - 220 L
2214
2202
■ microstomum
2215
lapponicum
— 2216
Andrsea Rothii —
— 2162
Encalypta streptocarpa
— 2163
Grimmia crispula —
— 2203
Forsteri —
— 2225
splachnoides
— 2164
alpicola —
— 2226
Dicranum Starkii —
— 2227
ovale —
— 2165
glaucum —
— 2166
spurium —
— 2167
Trichostomum rigidulum
— 2178
Tortula fallax —
— 2179
Orthotrichum striatum
— . 2187
— pumilum
— 2168
rivulare —
— 2188
Hypnum illecebrum —
— 2189
Jungermannia spinulosa
— 2228
concinnata
— 2229
purnila —
— 2230
— minuta
— 2231
radicans
— 2232
Lepraria aeruginosa —
— 2182
Lichen viridescens —
— 2217
* — ulmi — —
— 2218
— Westringii —
— 2204
— 4 olivaceus - —
— 2180
— elegans —
— 2181
Fucus granulatus —
— 2169
barbatus —
— 2170
— acicularis —
— 2190
capillaris —
— 2191
Bursa — —
— 2183
Ulva montana —
— 2193
— — rupestris —
— 2194
Conferva scopulorum —
— 2171
tortuosa —
— 2220
— — mutabilis —
— 2219
_ oliva cea —
— 2172
■ glomerata —
— 2192
— — thuioides —
— 2205
Utmt lA^ngAHliA
■ ""
iy*t rt trjv
iUT - ■
• «. O ,. -
— •
-W .. .. . . ... .
'•>:*(•
. . «
v:«w -
•**•- -ir- -••
■
tffSJ’w -
*■*
<h*s «...
9<~" „u-
— • l^W’:’ ,5“* ^
I'rrr^— *»- - - ■ ■•
- .
,S*isHrtm — — —
*rar$« ? tfe —
* , ‘TUjSfcbt-iff
*'M« -- ■
'‘FT&ri; <r-Vs
—
fc‘fol')NQp-ift ' V
^ • .*>k wstfiJ-r*-??* ■
■mk ~ -
mt* > : H>v?
38 ^ ■
-3 V-.=.;'-?? v r.'
\H*8§ —
«H «-!«■ 'jkfm*-
st&s **■
-•• T^fasteHtt r^ri-v'
V'it
*?«? —
i»;.':dfc§b
tans ~~
.
**>■ $ ~-
- «r*t* qxrt^sss
* ’ J ji*A
” !«*
"r ’? V- ?'>c;18’
‘ Ws?tit MthkO
’
/.
If ,, .al.,t‘:
** e m»«j
>■ i • - - j -
iUMKtf t-Ttatau..1
*mtM wt ., ,.
t ' nUftkfakf
. V- ^
■ ' •- 7‘ /'5
■ • v^jit.JumT
- .* mtM**
*
• ^ $/ -
m>* ■-
*
SOS!-' -
. r*r-i -
A'o » £ ■--■
C:^ -
.; ;■ :: •'* .^Iqc ... L.r.;.-T.
' . ' . . . 'V P
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
t TO
VOL. XXXI.
AmARANTHUS Blitum
Andraea Rothii ■ —
Aspidium irriguum —
Atripiex erecta —
Avena fatua — —
Betula alba — —
Brassica Rapa —
Caltha radicans — •
Cares pallescens —
Cistus surrejanus —
tomentosus —
Conferva glomerata —
— mutabilis —
— olivacea —
■ scopulorum —
————— thuioides —
tortuosa —
Dicranum glaucum —
ovale —
spurium —
— — Starkii —
Encalypta streptocarpa
Fragaria elatior —
Frankenia pulverulenta
Fucus acicularis —
barbatus —
Bursa — > —
capillaris —
— — granulatus —
Galium verrucosum —
Witheringii —
Grimmia alpicola —
« crispula —
— — Forsteri
— splachnoides —
Gymnostoimun aeruginosum
Tab.
— 2212
— 2162
— 2199
— 2223
— 2221
— 2198
— 2176
— 2175
— 2185
— 2207
— 2208
— 2192
— 2219
— 2172
— 2171
— 2205
— 2220
— 2166
— 2165
— 2167
— 2227
— 2163
— 2197
— 2222
— 2190
— 2170
— 2183
— 2191
— 2169
— 2173
— 2206
— 2226
— 2203
— 2225
— 2164
— 2200
Gymnostomum curvirostrum ■
lapponicum ■
luteolum
- • — microstomum ■
— osmundaceum-
stelligerum
Hieracium molle
Hypnum illecebrum —
Juncus gracilis —
Jungermannia concinnata
minuta —
■■ pumila —
radicans
spinulosa
Lepraria aeruginosa —
Lichen elegans —
olivaceus —
■ viridescens —
— ulmi — —
— Westringii —
Orthotrichum pumilum
— rivulare
— — striatum
Phascum subulatum —
Pinguicula grandiflora
Polypodium Phegopteris
Rosa hibernica —
Sagina^aritima —
Salix tenuifolia —
Scrophularia Scorodonia
Senecio saracenicus —
Tortula fallax —
Trichostomum rigidulum
Ulmus suberosa —
Ulva montana - — ■
rupestris —
Tab.
2214
2216
2201
2215
2213
2202
2210
2189
2174
2229
2231
2230
2232
2228
2182
2181
2180
2217
2218
2204
2168
2188
2187
2177
2184
2224
2196
2195
2186
2209
2211
2179
2178
2161
2193
2194
-
■ •
: Jfitf — .
is ! ■ \'J *
rntwtMOqtfjsl ■ ...
■
mol — * —
‘ iO —
v ’ ‘ --
’ ’ . :? •• - -
/T» 11; ' .
•
....
'
; . ! V - -
.
*
■ ■
(. : —
■ ■ ■
1 .... -
•
•
* ~ '*$*•' ■ . JC
■ ; • — - • .
..
’
; ■: —
■
;
. -
■ — -
- •
.
: ■ — •/
..
.. .. .. .
* 12 — •
.
: n — .
; . — *
■: -
-
— * ' ' - • ••• ' ’ )
•• • /
1 o; — * ±
— SM I
f . . ■ .jl'K'j
■
... J
- - -
;
."‘ij
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American
Libraries
TV News
Understanding
9/11